Genomics and Functional Genomics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of systems biology?

Studying individual genes and their functions

Understanding the larger picture at the level of the organism, tissue, or cell (correct)

Analyzing specific metabolic pathways

Investigating the interactions of genes with the environment

How does genomics differ from genetics?

Genomics is a sub-discipline of genetics devoted to mapping and sequencing, while genetics is concerned with functional analysis

Genomics focuses on interactions of genes with the environment, while genetics studies gene functions

Genomics studies the genome of an individual, while genetics studies the genomes of populations

Genomics examines all the genes at the entire system, while genetics looks at a single gene at a time (correct)

What is the main goal of metabolomics studies?

Sustainable agriculture and crop improvement

Genomic sequencing and functional analysis

Metabolic pathway identification and metabolite annotation (correct)

Stress response pathway engineering

How is sustainable agriculture related to metabolite-genome integration?

Metabolite-genome integration contributes to sustainable agriculture by improving crop traits Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacogenomics use to choose drugs and drug doses for a particular person?

Genetic makeup Signup and view all the answers

Which science does pharmacogenomics combine to make drug-related decisions?

Pharmacology and genomics Signup and view all the answers

What does T-DM1 do in the treatment of a specific type of breast cancer?

Attaches to HER2 on cancerous cells and kills them Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a high amount of HER2 (HER2 positive) in a breast cancer tumor?

The doctor may prescribe T-DM1 Signup and view all the answers

What have bioinformatic approaches recently identified in Arabidopsis, rice, and sorghum?

Hundreds of metabolic gene clusters Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon may point to the discovery of unknown metabolic pathways and novel enzymes in plants?

Metabolic gene clustering Signup and view all the answers

What are the open questions regarding metabolic gene clustering in plants?

Biological roles of metabolites in plant adaptation Signup and view all the answers

How can the knowledge of metabolic gene clustering in plants be utilized?

To produce more and better food, industrial materials, and medicine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of genomics?

Studying genetics, molecular biology, and bioinformatics Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial goal of the ENCODE project?

Characterizing 1% of the human genome Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the genome was found to have some kind of genetic function according to ENCODE analysis?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of non-coding DNA in gene expression?

Regulatory roles in gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of regulatory elements found in non-coding DNA?

Promoters, enhancers, and silencers Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mutations or variations in non-coding regions?

Association with various diseases and genetic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What do Genome-wide association studies aim to find connections between?

Heritable phenotypes and whole-genome genotype Signup and view all the answers

How many protein-coding genes do humans carry approximately?

20,000-25,000 Signup and view all the answers

What are Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)?

DNA sequence variations affecting the encoded protein or its function Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacogenomics extend to that pharmacogenetics does not?

Development of new drugs targeting specific disease genes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genomics and Functional Genomics

Genomics is an interdisciplinary field covering genetics, molecular biology, and bioinformatics.
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project was initiated in 2003 to characterize 1% of the human genome, broadening its scope to study DNA elements in the entire human genome since 2007.
ENCODE analysis revealed that about 80% of the genome was assigned some kind of genetic function, either RNA-associated or chromatin-associated.
Functional non-coding DNA includes regulatory roles in gene expression, controlling DNA structure, and contributing to genome stability.
Non-coding DNA contains regulatory elements like promoters, enhancers, and silencers crucial for gene expression control.
Non-coding DNA transcribes various RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs.
Non-coding DNA includes structural elements essential for chromosome stability and segregation.
Mutations or variations in non-coding regions can be associated with various diseases and genetic disorders.
Genome-wide association studies aim to find connections between heritable phenotypes and whole-genome genotype.
Humans carry an estimated 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes, and polymorphisms within those genes make individuals different from each other.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are DNA sequence variations where one nucleotide is substituted for another, often affecting the encoded protein or its function.
Pharmacogenomics, a broader term than pharmacogenetics, extends to the development of new drugs targeting specific disease genes.

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Description

Test your knowledge of genomics and functional genomics with this quiz covering topics such as ENCODE project, non-coding DNA, gene expression regulation, genome stability, mutations, SNPs, and pharmacogenomics.