Genome Organisation and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the physical compaction of genomes where each chromosome has its own 'space or neighbourhood' within the nucleus?

  • Chromosomal segregation
  • Spatial chromatin organization (correct)
  • Nuclear zoning
  • Genomic condensation

Which area of a chromosome is generally genetically active?

  • Nuclear periphery chromatin
  • Euchromatin (correct)
  • Nucleolus-associated chromatin
  • Heterochromatin

What do interphase chromosomes occupy within the nucleus?

  • Random positions
  • Interconnected webs
  • Discrete territories (correct)
  • Concentric rings

What is the term for the evolutionarily controlled process of packaging DNA into a particular space within the nucleus?

<p>Nuclear compaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein associates with the Stag protein of cohesin?

<p>Rad21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromatin residence time of cohesin?

<p>20 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from the loss of insulation between TADs after cohesin and CTCF knock-down?

<p>Decrease in intra-TAD contact frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model supports the theory of 'stable' TAD structures?

<p>Cohesin loading and dissociation model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms between convergent CTCF sites, thus regulating structure specificity?

<p>DNA loops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT localise at CTCF sites, suggesting cohesin must travel on chromatin to reach CTCF?

<p>Nipbl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with transient loops within TADs (intra-TAD DNA loops) and influences specific gene expression?

<p>Cohesin-Mediator complex association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique highlights the co-localisation of cohesin and CTCF at TAD boundaries?

<p>Chromatin Conformation Capture techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can Cohesin associate with to influence specific gene expression?

<p>Transcription Factors localising Cohesin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Population-based Chromatin Conformation Capture techniques create?

<p>An average of most ‘stable’ domain structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cohesin during the G1 phase?

<p>Associates with single-stranded chromatin to form loop structures that are essential for genome organization and cell-specific gene expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can methylation of a CTCF site dictate?

<p>Ability of cohesin to interact with DNA in trans and cis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of topologically associated domains (TADs)?

<p>Creating domains of topological association of high interaction frequency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do enhancers do in the context of long-range gene regulation?

<p>Can be involved with multiple promoters both simultaneously and sequentially (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological importance of TADs/structure?

<p>DNA replication, recombination, gene regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CTCF during the G1 phase?

<p>Recognises 11 nucleotides only when facing a particular way and sitting on the right place, where the cohesin ring can hold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cohesin do during DNA replication?

<p>Associates with single-stranded chromatin to form loop structures that are essential for genome organization and cell-specific gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'CTCF Code': x11 Zinc Finger protein gives multivalence to CTCF's recognition sequence, which fine-tunes its insulator 'strength'. What does this statement imply?

<p>'CTCF Code' recognizes 11 nucleotides only when facing a particular way and sitting on the right place, where the cohesin ring can hold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of TADs?

<p>Act as a chromatin barrier between TADs, creating insulation to TAD contacts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enhancers in long-range gene regulation?

<p>Can be brought into close proximity physically so that expression can be driven which wasn’t close to the gene before (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dictates the ability of cohesin to interact with DNA in trans and cis?

<p>'CTCF Code': x11 Zinc Finger protein gives multivalence to CTCF's recognition sequence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does methylation of a CTCF site protect from?

<p>Binding of Zinc Fingers 4-7 cluster together to conserved insulator (CRE) consensus sequence CCGCGNGGNGGCAG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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