Genome Editing: Principles and Applications

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What is the primary function of a nuclease in a genome editing system?

To repair the DNA after cutting
To cut the DNA at a specific location (correct)
To design the guide RNA
To specify the location of DNA cutting

What is the significance of CRISPR being revolutionary?

It requires a lot of time and money to design
It can only be used for basic research purposes
It is a complicated genome editing system
The ease of design of guide RNA makes it accessible (correct)

What is the primary goal of genome editing?

To remove unwanted genes from a genome
To modify and engineer genomes for different purposes (correct)
To only study the structure of genomes
To only focus on disease treatment

What is the name of the genome editing system that was selected as the 2015 Breakthrough of the Year by Science magazine?

CRISPR-Cas (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of inserting, replacing, or removing DNA from a genome?

Genome editing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genome editing in disease treatment?

It has the potential to revolutionize disease treatment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the guide molecule in genome editing?

To bind to specific DNA sequences and direct the nuclease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Meganucleases in genome editing?

They cut DNA at or near specific recognition sequences of 12-40 bp (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) repair mechanism?

Targeted edits or mutations in the genome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Endonucleases in genome editing?

To cleave phosphodiester bonds within a polynucleotide chain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) in genome editing?

To recognize and cleave specific DNA sequences (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) in genome editing?

They are artificial restriction enzymes generated by fusing a TAL effector DNA binding domain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations can be produced by imprecise NHEJ-mediated repair at the site of a DSB?

insertion and/or deletion mutations of variable length (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gRNA-directed dCas9 when fused to activation domains?

to mediate upregulation of specific endogenous genes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of HDR-mediated repair using a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA donor template?

introduction of precise point mutations or insertions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pairs of gRNA-directed Cas9 nucleases?

to stimulate large deletions or genomic rearrangements (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of gRNA-directed Cas9 nuclease activity?

induction of indel mutations or specific sequence replacement or insertion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fusing gRNA-directed dCas9 to fluorescent proteins?

to enable imaging of specific genomic loci (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the CRISPR-Cas system confers resistance to foreign invaders?

By degrading exogenous gene material from foreign invaders (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following engineered nucleases can be modified to target a specific sequence by changing the sequence of the guide RNA?

CRISPR-Cas 9 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the leader sequence in a CRISPR locus?

To act as a promoter for the expression of cas genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the CRISPR-Cas system and other engineered nucleases?

The CRISPR-Cas system is easier to modify to target specific sequences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the repeat-spacer array in a CRISPR locus?

To store the memory of past infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of CRISPR spacers and the number of cas genes in a genome?

There can be multiple CRISPR spacers associated with one cas gene (A) Signup and view all the answers