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Questions and Answers
What is the age-standardised abortion rate in the UK for 2021?
What is the age-standardised abortion rate in the UK for 2021?
Under what conditions can a termination of pregnancy be legally performed after 24 weeks?
Under what conditions can a termination of pregnancy be legally performed after 24 weeks?
What are the two medications typically used in the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTOP) process?
What are the two medications typically used in the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTOP) process?
What is a consideration when providing MTOP medication through the Pills by Post scheme?
What is a consideration when providing MTOP medication through the Pills by Post scheme?
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What tool should be used to aid decision-making regarding resuscitation in cases of formed/viable babies?
What tool should be used to aid decision-making regarding resuscitation in cases of formed/viable babies?
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What procedure is performed to terminate a pregnancy through surgical or medical means?
What procedure is performed to terminate a pregnancy through surgical or medical means?
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Which condition is characterized by abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding?
Which condition is characterized by abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding?
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Which type of trauma encompasses any damage to external or internal female genital areas?
Which type of trauma encompasses any damage to external or internal female genital areas?
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What must be done if signs of female genital mutilation (FGM) are observed in children?
What must be done if signs of female genital mutilation (FGM) are observed in children?
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What is NOT a potential cause of vaginal bleeding?
What is NOT a potential cause of vaginal bleeding?
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Which type of FGM involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia?
Which type of FGM involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia?
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What complication can Type 3 or Type 4 FGM cause during childbirth?
What complication can Type 3 or Type 4 FGM cause during childbirth?
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What is a common psychological response to genital trauma or bleeding?
What is a common psychological response to genital trauma or bleeding?
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What is the recommended action if excessive bleeding occurs post-termination of pregnancy?
What is the recommended action if excessive bleeding occurs post-termination of pregnancy?
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Which of the following is typically NOT a symptom of a prolapsed uterus?
Which of the following is typically NOT a symptom of a prolapsed uterus?
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What approach is suggested for managing gynaecological conditions?
What approach is suggested for managing gynaecological conditions?
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Which of the following statements about surgical termination of pregnancy is false?
Which of the following statements about surgical termination of pregnancy is false?
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In the case of a prolapsed uterus, which symptom indicates an immediate need for concern?
In the case of a prolapsed uterus, which symptom indicates an immediate need for concern?
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What should be done if the patient exhibits time-critical features regarding gynaecological conditions?
What should be done if the patient exhibits time-critical features regarding gynaecological conditions?
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What is NOT a typical anaesthesia method for surgical termination of pregnancy?
What is NOT a typical anaesthesia method for surgical termination of pregnancy?
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Which of the following correctly defines the term 'prolapsed uterus'?
Which of the following correctly defines the term 'prolapsed uterus'?
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Study Notes
Genital Trauma
- Refers to injury to external or internal female genitalia.
- Includes trauma to the labia majora, labia minora, vaginal opening, perineum, clitoris.
- Also includes injury to the hymen, vagina, cervix, anus, and rectum.
- Penetrating trauma, sexual abuse and assault are classified as genital trauma.
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
- Involves partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injuries to the genital organs.
- Procedures may include piercing, stretching, or staining.
- Most commonly performed on young girls between infancy and the age of 15 before puberty.
- Classified as illegal in the UK and a form of child abuse.
Suspected FGM
- Safeguarding referral is necessary via EBS.
- Report any physical signs or disclosure of FGM in children under 18 to the police under the Serious Crime Act 2015
- Type 3 or Type 4 FGM, involving closure of the vaginal opening, requires a lower threshold for conveyance to the nearest obstetric unit in laboring women as it can cause complications for the mother and baby.
Termination of Pregnancy
- Also known as abortion.
- Age-standardized abortion rate in the UK was 18.6 per 1,000 women in 2021.
- Can be done for social or medical reasons including fetal abnormality or risk to the woman's health.
- Legal for social reasons up to 24 weeks.
- Can be done after 24 weeks in limited circumstances, such as when the mother's life is at risk or the baby has a severe or life-limiting disability.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTOP)
- Often referred to as "Pills by Post", MTOP involves taking two medications, Mifepristone and Misoprostol, 24-48 hours apart.
- Mifepristone softens the cervix, while Misoprostol encourages the uterus to contract, ending the pregnancy.
- Ultrasound scans are usually performed to confirm gestational age, but telemedicine is increasingly being used to access MTOP in early pregnancy.
Surgical Termination of Pregnancy
- A procedure to remove the pregnancy done under local anesthetic, sedation, or general anesthetic depending on the gestation.
- Often carried out as outpatient surgery, with women returning home the same day.
Post-Termination
- Some bleeding and discomfort are normal for up to two weeks.
- Call 999 if you notice excessive bleeding (incontinence pad saturated with 500 ml).
- Excessive bleeding post-termination is considered a postpartum hemorrhage and requires a pre-alert to the nearest obstetric unit.
Prolapsed Uterus
- Defined as the uterus dropping down into the vagina, caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles.
- Not usually life-threatening, but can cause shock or vasovagal symptoms.
Prolapsed Uterus Symptoms
- Feeling of heaviness around the lower abdomen or genitals.
- Discomfort during sexual intercourse.
- Seeing or feeling a bulge or lump in or coming out of the vagina.
- Problems urinating.
Management of Gynaecological Conditions
- (C)A, B ,C, D, E approach:
- Assess for any time-critical features or red flags (If yes, pre-alert).
- Consider paramedic assistance.
- Administer oxygen if the patient is shocked, hypoxic, or hypovolemic according to JRCALC guidelines.
- Conduct a secondary survey and transfer to the emergency department for non-time-critical conditions.
- Empathy, support, and pain relief should be offered in all cases.
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Description
Explore the critical topics of genital trauma and female genital mutilation (FGM) in this quiz. Learn about the types of injuries, the implications of trauma, and the legal considerations surrounding FGM. This quiz is essential for understanding safeguarding practices related to these sensitive issues.
