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What is single-gene inheritance?
What is single-gene inheritance?
Wild type (WT) refers to the most common form of a trait.
Wild type (WT) refers to the most common form of a trait.
True
Name one step involved in the general steps of gene discovery.
Name one step involved in the general steps of gene discovery.
Find a mutation of interest
Who elucidated the rules of single-gene inheritance?
Who elucidated the rules of single-gene inheritance?
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In Mendel's experiments, the parental generation is referred to as the ______.
In Mendel's experiments, the parental generation is referred to as the ______.
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What was the result of Mendel's first genetic cross involving seed color?
What was the result of Mendel's first genetic cross involving seed color?
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What is the expected ratio of yellow to green seeds in Mendel's second genetic cross?
What is the expected ratio of yellow to green seeds in Mendel's second genetic cross?
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Pea color is a spectrum of colors.
Pea color is a spectrum of colors.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns
- Single-gene inheritance refers to traits controlled by single genes.
- The "wild type" represents the most common form of a gene, organism, or cell, while "mutants" exhibit abnormal forms, differing from the wild type.
- Gene discovery begins by finding mutants with variations in a particular biological property.
- Crossing mutants with wild types and analyzing their offspring helps determine if the mutations follow single-gene inheritance patterns.
- If the offspring exhibit specific ratios of wild type to mutant characteristics, it suggests that the mutation is likely in a single gene and its function can be studied further.
The Chromosomal Basis of Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns
- Mendel's experiments with garden peas (Pisum sativum) laid the foundation for understanding single-gene inheritance.
- Mendel focused on seven phenotypic pairs, uncovering the rules of inheritance.
- He used pure lines, meaning offspring are identical due to inbreeding within the line.
- In crosses, he transferred pollen from one plant to another to control fertilization.
- Parental generation is denoted as "P," while subsequent generations are labeled "F," with F1 representing the first filial generation and F2 the second.
- Mendel's experiments led to the discovery of important ratios: 1:1, 3:1, 1:2:1.
- He established that inheritance is sex-independent, meaning it's not influenced by the organism's sex.
Mendel's First Genetic Cross
- Mendel crossed yellow-seeded plants with green-seeded plants, resulting in an F1 generation with 100% yellow seeds.
- This demonstrated that pea color is determined by a single gene with two forms: yellow and green.
- The dominance of the yellow phenotype over the green phenotype indicated that yellow is dominant and green is recessive.
Mendel's Second Genetic Cross
- Mendel self-pollinated the F1 generation, producing an F2 generation with a 3:1 ratio of yellow to green seeds.
- This further reinforced the concept of dominant and recessive alleles, illustrating how they segregate and recombine during inheritance.
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Description
Explore the principles of single-gene inheritance through Mendelian genetics. This quiz covers key concepts such as wild type and mutant forms, and the methods used to study inheritance patterns. Understand how Mendel's experiments with peas laid the groundwork for modern genetics.
