Genetics Quiz Mendel's Principles
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Questions and Answers

What type of alleles are represented by capital letters in Mendel's genetic studies?

  • Homozygous alleles
  • Recessive alleles
  • Heterozygous alleles
  • Dominant alleles (correct)

    • A recessive trait is expressed whenever it is present in an individual.

    False (B)

    What does 'genotype' represent?

    the genetic makeup of an individual

    The law of __________ states that each parent passes one of their two alleles to their offspring.

    <p>segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Homozygous = Having identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous = Having two different alleles for a trait Dominant = Allele that masks the expression of another Recessive = Allele that is masked by a dominant allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a monohybrid cross between a homozygous tall plant (TT) and a homozygous dwarf plant (tt), what is the genotype of the F1 generation?

    <p>Tt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete dominance occurs when a recessive allele can partially express itself.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does F2 represent in Mendel’s genetic crosses?

    <p>Second filial generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of meiosis?

    <p>Four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogenesis results in the formation of one mature sperm cell from one parent diploid cell.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process increases genetic diversity during gametogenesis?

    <p>Crossing-over, independent assortment, and random fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis is also known as __________ division.

    <p>reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Spermatogenesis = Production of sperm cells Oogenesis = Production of egg cells Haploid = Cells with half the number of chromosomes Diploid = Cells with two complete sets of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the outcome of oogenesis?

    <p>One functional egg and two polar bodies are produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each gamete produced during meiosis has two copies of each chromosome.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in males and females?

    <p>In males, it occurs in the testes; in females, it occurs in the ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adaptations?

    <p>Characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organisms in the Galapagos Islands have the same adaptations due to similar climates.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin notice about the land tortoises in the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>Their shells varied by island, indicating adaptations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ is a preserved remains of an ancient organism.

    <p>fossil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question did Darwin speculate about adaptations?

    <p>Why do organisms exhibit certain adaptations? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each island characteristic with its description:

    <p>Lower islands = Hot, dry, and nearly barren Higher islands = Greater rainfall and rich vegetation Hood Island tortoise = Long neck and curved shell Galapagos Islands = Cluster of islands off the west coast of South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Darwin believed that all species present today were created in their current form.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observations did Darwin make about fossils?

    <p>Some fossils resembled living organisms, while others were unlike any he had seen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of eukaryotic chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>X-shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic cells contain larger linear chromosomes compared to eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the location of a gene on a chromosome?

    <p>locus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human genome consists of approximately ______ base pairs.

    <p>3 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes does the human genome approximately contain?

    <p>25,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each component with its description:

    <p>Chromosome = Consists of DNA and packaging proteins Gene = Codes for a specific trait or protein Plasmid = Small circular DNA in prokaryotes Chromatin = The unwound form of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genes are read in sections by the equipment in the cell.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of the cell cycle?

    <p>to create daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokinesis?

    <p>The division of cytoplasm to form two cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All genetic material must be copied prior to cell division.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sister chromatids?

    <p>Identical copies of the same chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mutation is a change in the ______ material.

    <p>genetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to mutations with their definitions:

    <p>Mutagen = An external factor that causes mutations Induced mutation = A mutation resulting from a mutagen Telomeres = Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes Mutation = A change in the DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to DNA during replication?

    <p>A small amount of DNA is lost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most mutagens are beneficial to organisms.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mutations for species?

    <p>Mutations can lead to genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern do human traits like hair and skin color follow?

    <p>Polygenic traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Y chromosome contains more genes than the X chromosome.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pigmentation of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes?

    <p>Melanin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with more dominant alleles will express _____ pigmentation.

    <p>darker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible offspring genotypes from a heterozygous A blood type crossed with a heterozygous B blood type?

    <p>AB, AO, BO, OO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pigmentation with their genetic inheritance:

    <p>Darker pigmentation = More dominant alleles Lighter pigmentation = More recessive alleles Medium pigmentation = Combination of alleles Polygenic inheritance = Many genes involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans only inherit one allele for color-related traits if they have a Y chromosome.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the genes located on the sex chromosomes?

    <p>Sex determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biology Exam Review

    • Topics covered include Diversity of Living Things, Genetics, Evolution, and Animal Systems.
    • Specific lessons covered are 1-4, 1-8, 1-6, and 1-4, respectively.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of Mendelian genetics with this quiz covering key concepts such as alleles, genotypes, monohybrid crosses, and meiosis. This quiz will challenge your knowledge about genetic diversity and the principles of inheritance. Perfect for students studying genetics or related fields!

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