Genetics Quiz Flashcards

Questions and Answers

When does interphase occur?

before meiosis

What occurs during interphase?

the cell does normal cell activities, like making proteins

Uncoiled stringy DNA is called?

chromatin

Human cells have __ pieces of chromatin.

46 Signup and view all the answers

Half of your DNA comes from your _ and half from your __.

mother, father Signup and view all the answers

DNA has ___ that determines the traits of an organism.

genes Signup and view all the answers

Different forms of a gene are called ____.

alleles Signup and view all the answers

___ is when DNA copies itself and it occurs during _

interphase, S phase Signup and view all the answers

_______ are made during meiosis.

gametes Signup and view all the answers

Examples of gametes?

sperm and eggs Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis occurs in 2 divisions: Meiosis and Meiosis .

1, 2 Signup and view all the answers

Phases for meiosis I?

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I Signup and view all the answers

Phases for meiosis II?

prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II Signup and view all the answers

During prophase I the chromosomes _ and become .

condense, visible Signup and view all the answers

Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes are called?

homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a .

sister chromatid Signup and view all the answers

Sister chromatids of a chromosome are _____.

identical Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus _____ during prophase I.

disintegrates Signup and view all the answers

Homologous chromosomes split up and move toward the opposite ends of the cell during?

anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

_ independent cells begin to form during__.

2, telophase I Signup and view all the answers

________ is the division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells.

cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

The 2 new cells that are formed from meiosis I are _____ because they contain half of the chromosomes of the original cell that started meiosis.

haploid Signup and view all the answers

At the start of meiosis I you had 1 _____ cell.

diploid Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis II must take place because each of our new cells still has too much ____.

DNA Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus _____ during prophase I.

goes away Signup and view all the answers

In metaphase II the chromosomes line up single file down the _____ of the cell.

middle Signup and view all the answers

In anaphase II the sister _______ split up.

chromatids Signup and view all the answers

In telophase II, _ daughter cells are formed to create ___ .

4, haploid, gametes Signup and view all the answers

Each newly formed cell will form a _____ around the chromosomes.

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

The chromosomes _ to form .

uncoil, chromatin Signup and view all the answers

_______ occurs at the same time as telophase II.

cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

At the end of meiosis II you have made ___ gametes.

4, haploid Signup and view all the answers

Gametes produced by a female?

eggs or ova Signup and view all the answers

If the gametes are produced by a male?

sperm Signup and view all the answers

Gregor Mendel was a?

monk and high school teacher Signup and view all the answers

Before Mendel, people thought that traits?

blended Signup and view all the answers

How did Mendel figure it out?

cross pollination- by fertilizing and growing many plants Signup and view all the answers

True-breeding produces offspring that are?

identical in appearance to itself, generation after generation Signup and view all the answers

Wild type refers to the?

most common Signup and view all the answers

A hybrid is the offspring of?

2 different true-breeding parents Signup and view all the answers

A monohybrid cross involves parents that differ in?

1 trait only Signup and view all the answers

A dihybrid cross involves parents that differ in?

2 traits only Signup and view all the answers

P1 refers to?

parents Signup and view all the answers

F1 refers to?

kids Signup and view all the answers

F2 refers to?

kids from a cross between 2 F1's Signup and view all the answers

Mendel's Principle of Segregation states that?

the 2 alleles for a trait segregate during gamete formation Signup and view all the answers

An allele is an?

alternative version of a gene Signup and view all the answers

A dominant allele is one that is?

seen Signup and view all the answers

A recessive allele is one that can be?

hidden Signup and view all the answers

Homozygous refers to?

the two alleles are the same Signup and view all the answers

Heterozygous refers to?

the two alleles are different Signup and view all the answers

Genotype is the?

genetic makeup you have Signup and view all the answers

Phenotype refers to the?

observable trait Signup and view all the answers

A test cross involves?

crossing the unknown with a homozygous recessive Signup and view all the answers

Exceptions to Mendel's rules include?

intermediate inheritance and co-dominance Signup and view all the answers

Co-dominance means?

both alleles expressed in the hybrid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Interphase and Meiosis

Interphase occurs before meiosis, involving normal cell activities such as protein synthesis.
In this phase, DNA exists as chromatin, which is uncoiled stringy DNA.
Human cells contain 46 pieces of chromatin, forming the basis of genetic inheritance.

Genetic Inheritance

Half of an individual's DNA comes from the mother, and half comes from the father.
Traits of an organism are determined by genes, while different forms of a gene are known as alleles.

DNA Replication and Gametes

DNA replicates itself during interphase, specifically in the S phase.
Meiosis produces gametes, with sperm and eggs being prime examples.
Gametes are formed through two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Meiosis Phases

Meiosis I consists of prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.
During prophase I, chromosomes condense and become visible, with the nucleus disintegrating shortly after.
Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I, moving toward opposite cell ends.

Cell Division

Cytokinesis, the division of cytoplasm, results in two new haploid cells at the end of Meiosis I.
A diploid cell at the start of meiosis becomes haploid after the first division.

Additional Meiosis Details

Meiosis II occurs to reduce excess DNA in daughter cells, leading to four haploid gametes by its completion.
Key processes include sister chromatids aligning in metaphase II and separating in anaphase II.

Mendel's Principles

Gregor Mendel, a monk and teacher, established foundational principles in genetics, tracing characteristics across generations.
Prior beliefs in the blending hypothesis were challenged by Mendel’s experiments that showcased distinct traits being passed down.

Genetic Terminology

True-breeding organisms produce identical offspring, while hybrids are offspring of different true-breeding parents.
Monohybrid crosses examine one trait, while dihybrid crosses observe two traits.

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype describes the observable traits.
Alleles can be dominant (expressed) or recessive (potentially hidden); capital letters represent dominant alleles and lowercase for recessive.

Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance

Exceptions to Mendel's rules include incomplete dominance (intermediate inheritance) and co-dominance, where both alleles are expressed in a hybrid organism. Examples include pink flowers and roan cattle, respectively.

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Description

Test your knowledge on genetics with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as interphase, chromatin, and the human genome. Challenge yourself and prepare for your biology exams!

Genetics Quiz Flashcards

Questions and Answers

When does interphase occur?

What occurs during interphase?

Uncoiled stringy DNA is called?

Human cells have __ pieces of chromatin.

Half of your DNA comes from your ___ and half from your ____.

DNA has ___ that determines the traits of an organism.

Different forms of a gene are called ____.

_______ is when DNA copies itself and it occurs during _____

_______ are made during meiosis.

Examples of gametes?

Meiosis occurs in 2 divisions: Meiosis __ and Meiosis __.

Phases for meiosis I?

Phases for meiosis II?

During prophase I the chromosomes _____ and become ____.

Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes are called?

Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a ____ ____.

Sister chromatids of a chromosome are _____.

The nucleus _____ during prophase I.

Homologous chromosomes split up and move toward the opposite ends of the cell during?

_____ independent cells begin to form during______.

________ is the division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells.

The 2 new cells that are formed from meiosis I are _____ because they contain half of the chromosomes of the original cell that started meiosis.

At the start of meiosis I you had 1 _____ cell.

Meiosis II must take place because each of our new cells still has too much ____.

The nucleus _____ during prophase I.

In metaphase II the chromosomes line up single file down the _____ of the cell.

In anaphase II the sister _______ split up.

In telophase II, __ ___ daughter cells are formed to create ___ .

Each newly formed cell will form a _____ around the chromosomes.

The chromosomes _______ to form ______.

_______ occurs at the same time as telophase II.

At the end of meiosis II you have made __ _____ gametes.

Gametes produced by a female?

If the gametes are produced by a male?

Gregor Mendel was a?

Before Mendel, people thought that traits?

How did Mendel figure it out?

True-breeding produces offspring that are?

Wild type refers to the?

A hybrid is the offspring of?

A monohybrid cross involves parents that differ in?

A dihybrid cross involves parents that differ in?

P1 refers to?

F1 refers to?

F2 refers to?

Mendel's Principle of Segregation states that?

An allele is an?

A dominant allele is one that is?

A recessive allele is one that can be?

Homozygous refers to?

Heterozygous refers to?

Genotype is the?

Phenotype refers to the?

A test cross involves?

Exceptions to Mendel's rules include?

Co-dominance means?

Study Notes

Interphase and Meiosis

Genetic Inheritance

DNA Replication and Gametes

Meiosis Phases

Cell Division

Additional Meiosis Details

Mendel's Principles

Genetic Terminology

Genotype and Phenotype

Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance

Studying That Suits You

Description

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Half of your DNA comes from your _ and half from your __.

___ is when DNA copies itself and it occurs during _

Meiosis occurs in 2 divisions: Meiosis and Meiosis .

During prophase I the chromosomes _ and become .

Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a .

_ independent cells begin to form during__.

In telophase II, _ daughter cells are formed to create ___ .

The chromosomes _ to form .

At the end of meiosis II you have made ___ gametes.