Genetics Overview Quiz

The process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA.

The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins.

<p>Genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms that have played a key role in bacterial genetics and molecular biology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA with attached proteins that is found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA with attached proteins that is tightly packaged into rod-shaped bodies found in dividing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package DNA into nucleosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around eight histone protein cores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of enzyme responsible for forming new copies of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA that is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on a transfer RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A segment of DNA containing adjacent genes, an operator gene, and a regulatory gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A segment of a gene situated between exons that does not function in coding for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A part of a gene that will become part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A DNA or RNA binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A short region of DNA that interacts with a regulatory protein controlling transcription of the operon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the cranio-caudal axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process from a cell changing from one cell type to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A short region of DNA that can be bound by proteins to activate transcription of a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live, and reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleic acid present in all living cells that acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These bases form hydrogen bonds with their complementary pyrimidines; examples are adenine and guanine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two biologically important families of nitrogen-containing molecules called nitrogenous bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine, and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two complementary strands of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers