Questions and Answers
What does the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis state?
A single gene codes for a single protein.
When an amino acid is specified by more than one codon, what is usually shared by the set of codons that specify this amino acid?
the first and second bases
A mutation that has no effect on fitness is a ______.
neutral mutation
A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.
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Which of the following statements about mutations is false? (Select one)
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Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?
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If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein?
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If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred? (Select all that apply)
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Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.
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Study Notes
One-Gene, One-Enzyme Hypothesis
- A single gene is responsible for coding a single protein.
Codon Specificity
- When multiple codons specify the same amino acid, the first two bases are typically conserved across those codons.
Neutral Mutation
- A mutation that does not affect an organism's fitness is classified as a neutral mutation.
Definition of a Codon
- A codon consists of three nucleotides and can only specify one amino acid, not multiple.
Understanding Mutations
- False statement regarding mutations: A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein.
- Various types of mutations can have differing impacts, with addition and deletion mutations causing disruption to protein structure.
Reading Frame Changes
- A single addition mutation and a single deletion mutation won't alter the rest of the reading frame of the gene sequence.
Mutation Effects on Protein
- Inserting a base after the first G and deleting the third T in the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA results in two amino acids being altered in the corresponding mutant protein.
Types of Mutations
- An mutated DNA sequence that produces a protein differing in one central amino acid could arise from either an addition mutation or a deletion mutation.
Polypeptide Synthesis Initiation
- The synthesis of a polypeptide begins in the nucleus with the transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in genetics, focusing on the One-Gene, One-Enzyme hypothesis, codon specificity, and different types of mutations. Explore how mutations affect protein synthesis and the significance of codons in genetic coding.
