Genetics: Genes and Alleles

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What is the complementary base pair of adenine in DNA?

Uracil

Guanine

Thymine (correct)

Cytosine

What is the sequence of components from largest to smallest in a cell?

Chromosomes -> DNA -> Gene -> Nucleus -> Cell

Gene -> DNA -> Chromosomes -> Nucleus -> Cell

Nucleus -> Chromosomes -> DNA -> Gene

Cell -> Nucleus -> Chromosomes -> DNA -> Gene (correct)

What is the primary function of genes in DNA?

To control the reproduction process

To carry the instructions for making a particular protein (correct)

To store energy for the cell

To regulate the temperature of the cell

What is the role of the ovaries in the reproductive system?

To produce eggs and female hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

To produce fluid for sperm nourishment Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for a female in a pedigree chart?

Circle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a variable that changes in response to an independent variable in an experiment?

Dependent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport sperm during ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up neatly in the middle of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the G2 phase in interphase?

Checking for DNA damage and repairing it Signup and view all the answers

Which step occurs last in the cell division process?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

Which two scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

Watson and Crick Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base is paired with cytosine in DNA?

Guanine Signup and view all the answers

What is the final act of the cell division process where the cell divides into two?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the chromosome counts for haploid and diploid cells respectively in humans?

23 and 46 Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do humans have in a somatic cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in four unique haploid cells?

Meiosis II Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages involves paired chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

Metaphase I Signup and view all the answers

What type of genotype is represented by 'Hh'?

Heterogeneous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the physical appearance of a person?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of meiosis involves sister chromatids separating to opposite poles?

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a purebred genotype such as 'HH' or 'hh'?

Homogeneous Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of splitting a cell into four sex cells called?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers