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ما هو علم الوراثة؟
ما هو علم الوراثة؟
ما هو الدنا؟
ما هو الدنا؟
ما هو قانون التوريث الأول؟
ما هو قانون التوريث الأول؟
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ما هو kiểu الوراثة الجسمية الغالبة؟
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ما هو تطبيق علم الوراثة في الطب؟
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Study Notes
Genetics
Definition of Genetics
- Study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation
- Examines how traits are passed down from one generation to the next
Key Concepts
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): molecule that contains genetic information
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Chromosomes: thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual
- Phenotype: physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual
Mendelian Genetics
- Gregor Mendel: father of modern genetics
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Laws of Inheritance:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different genes are sorted independently
- Law of Dominance: dominant alleles mask recessive alleles
Types of Inheritance
- Autosomal Dominant: one copy of the allele is enough to express the trait
- Autosomal Recessive: two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait
- X-Linked: genes located on the X chromosome
- Mitochondrial Inheritance: genes located in the mitochondria
Genetic Variation
- Mutations: changes in the DNA sequence
- Genetic Drift: random changes in the frequency of alleles
- Gene Flow: movement of alleles from one population to another
- Genetic Recombination: shuffling of alleles during meiosis
Applications of Genetics
- Genetic Engineering: manipulation of genes to produce desired traits
- Genetic Testing: identification of genetic disorders or traits
- Genomic Medicine: use of genetic information to diagnose and treat diseases
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Description
Learn the basics of genetics, including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genotype, and phenotype. Understand Mendelian genetics, types of inheritance, genetic variation, and applications of genetics.
