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Questions and Answers
What is the physical structure of DNA composed of?
What is the physical structure of DNA composed of?
What is the term for the physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of their genotype and the environment?
What is the term for the physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of their genotype and the environment?
What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
What is the term for the movement of alleles from one population to another?
What is the term for the movement of alleles from one population to another?
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What is the term for the changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or be induced?
What is the term for the changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or be induced?
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What is the term for the law that states each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation?
What is the term for the law that states each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation?
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Study Notes
Genetics
Key Concepts
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and function of all living organisms
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for a specific trait or function
- Genotype: the complete set of genes an individual possesses
- Phenotype: the physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of their genotype and the environment
DNA Structure
- Double Helix Model: DNA is composed of two complementary strands twisted together
- Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, and T)
- Base Pairing: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C)
Genetic Inheritance
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Mendel's Laws:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles for different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation
- Dominant and Recessive Traits: dominant alleles will be expressed if an individual has one dominant and one recessive allele, while recessive alleles will only be expressed if an individual has two recessive alleles
- Incomplete Dominance: one allele is not completely dominant over the other, resulting in a combination of the two traits
- Polygenic Inheritance: multiple genes contribute to a single trait
Genetic Variation
- Mutations: changes in the DNA sequence, can be spontaneous or induced
- Genetic Drift: random events that alter the frequency of alleles in a population
- Gene Flow: movement of alleles from one population to another
- Genetic Recombination: exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic variation
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Description
Learn about the basics of genetics, including DNA structure, genetic inheritance, and genetic variation. Understand key concepts like genes, genotype, and phenotype, and explore Mendel's laws and types of genetic traits.
