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Questions and Answers
What is the function of helicase?
What does DNA Polymerase I do?
It participates in prokaryotic DNA replication.
What is a lagging strand?
A DNA strand that undergoes replication discontinuously in small fragments.
What is the leading strand?
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What does ligase do?
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What is a nuclease?
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What are Okazaki fragments?
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What are origins of replication?
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What is primase?
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What is a primer?
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What is a replication bubble?
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What is a replication fork?
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What do single-strand binding proteins do?
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What are telomeres?
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What does antiparallel mean in DNA?
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What is replication?
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Study Notes
Helicase
- Unwinds DNA helix structure, facilitating replication.
- Stabilized by single-stranded binding proteins to prevent re-annealing.
DNA Polymerase I
- Enzyme involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.
- Plays a key role in the repair and primer removal during replication processes.
DNA Polymerase III
- Primary enzyme complex for prokaryotic DNA replication.
- Discovered in 1970 by Thomas Kornberg and Malcolm Gefter.
- Part of the replisome at the replication fork, essential for synthesizing new DNA strands.
Lagging Strand
- One of the two DNA strands at the replication fork.
- Replicates discontinuously in small fragments known as Okazaki fragments, creating a slight delay.
Leading Strand
- The other DNA strand at the replication fork.
- Replicated continuously in the 3' to 5' direction as replication progresses.
Ligase
- Enzyme responsible for joining DNA fragments together.
- Essential for sealing nicks and creating a continuous DNA strand.
Nuclease
- Enzyme that cleaves nucleotides in nucleic acids.
- Helps in processing and editing DNA during replication and repair.
Okazaki Fragments
- Short DNA segments synthesized on the lagging template strand.
- Complementary to the lagging strand, forming double-stranded sections of DNA.
Origins of Replication
- Specific locations where DNA replication initiates and the separation of parent strands occurs.
Primase
- Enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers crucial for DNA replication.
- Provides a starting point for DNA synthesis, as DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.
Primer
- Short strand of RNA or DNA, usually 18-22 bases long.
- Serves as the starting point for DNA synthesis, necessary for the action of DNA polymerases.
Replication Bubble
- Formation created when DNA strands separate during replication.
- Allows access to the DNA template for replication machinery.
Replication Fork
- Structure formed during DNA replication where the double helix is unwound.
- Leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the fork’s movement.
Single-Strand Binding Proteins
- Proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA during replication.
- Prevent re-annealing and protect the DNA from degradation.
Telomeres
- Compound structures located at the ends of chromosomes.
- Protect genetic data and play a role in cellular aging and division.
Antiparallel
- Refers to the orientation of the two DNA strands in opposite directions.
- Essential for the proper base pairing and replication processes.
Replication
- Process through which DNA is copied to generate new cells.
- Occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle, producing daughter DNA strands.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key genetics terms with these flashcards. Cover essential enzymes involved in DNA replication, including helicase and DNA polymerases I and III. Perfect for students studying genetics or related biological topics.
