Genetics Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of helicase?

  • Unwinds part of DNA helix (correct)
  • Synthesizes RNA primers
  • Cleanses DNA fragments
  • Replicates DNA

    • What does DNA Polymerase I do?

    It participates in prokaryotic DNA replication.

    What is a lagging strand?

    A DNA strand that undergoes replication discontinuously in small fragments.

    What is the leading strand?

    <p>A strand of DNA replicated continuously in the 3' to 5' direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ligase do?

    <p>It brings about ligation of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nuclease?

    <p>An enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides in nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Short, newly synthesized DNA fragments on the lagging template strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are origins of replication?

    <p>Where the separation of parent strands starts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primase?

    <p>An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primer?

    <p>A short strand of RNA or DNA that starts DNA synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a replication bubble?

    <p>Where the strands of DNA have separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a replication fork?

    <p>The structure formed during DNA replication where strands separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do single-strand binding proteins do?

    <p>They stabilize single-stranded regions of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are telomeres?

    <p>Compound structures at the ends of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does antiparallel mean in DNA?

    <p>Going in different directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is replication?

    <p>The process used to make new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Helicase

    • Unwinds DNA helix structure, facilitating replication.
    • Stabilized by single-stranded binding proteins to prevent re-annealing.

    DNA Polymerase I

    • Enzyme involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.
    • Plays a key role in the repair and primer removal during replication processes.

    DNA Polymerase III

    • Primary enzyme complex for prokaryotic DNA replication.
    • Discovered in 1970 by Thomas Kornberg and Malcolm Gefter.
    • Part of the replisome at the replication fork, essential for synthesizing new DNA strands.

    Lagging Strand

    • One of the two DNA strands at the replication fork.
    • Replicates discontinuously in small fragments known as Okazaki fragments, creating a slight delay.

    Leading Strand

    • The other DNA strand at the replication fork.
    • Replicated continuously in the 3' to 5' direction as replication progresses.

    Ligase

    • Enzyme responsible for joining DNA fragments together.
    • Essential for sealing nicks and creating a continuous DNA strand.

    Nuclease

    • Enzyme that cleaves nucleotides in nucleic acids.
    • Helps in processing and editing DNA during replication and repair.

    Okazaki Fragments

    • Short DNA segments synthesized on the lagging template strand.
    • Complementary to the lagging strand, forming double-stranded sections of DNA.

    Origins of Replication

    • Specific locations where DNA replication initiates and the separation of parent strands occurs.

    Primase

    • Enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers crucial for DNA replication.
    • Provides a starting point for DNA synthesis, as DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.

    Primer

    • Short strand of RNA or DNA, usually 18-22 bases long.
    • Serves as the starting point for DNA synthesis, necessary for the action of DNA polymerases.

    Replication Bubble

    • Formation created when DNA strands separate during replication.
    • Allows access to the DNA template for replication machinery.

    Replication Fork

    • Structure formed during DNA replication where the double helix is unwound.
    • Leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the fork’s movement.

    Single-Strand Binding Proteins

    • Proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA during replication.
    • Prevent re-annealing and protect the DNA from degradation.

    Telomeres

    • Compound structures located at the ends of chromosomes.
    • Protect genetic data and play a role in cellular aging and division.

    Antiparallel

    • Refers to the orientation of the two DNA strands in opposite directions.
    • Essential for the proper base pairing and replication processes.

    Replication

    • Process through which DNA is copied to generate new cells.
    • Occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle, producing daughter DNA strands.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key genetics terms with these flashcards. Cover essential enzymes involved in DNA replication, including helicase and DNA polymerases I and III. Perfect for students studying genetics or related biological topics.

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