27 Questions
What was the mean weight loss of the 7 pairs of identical twins subjected to caloric deficit by exercise over 93 days?
8.8 lbs
What was the caloric surplus at the end of the overfeeding period for the 12 pairs of young adult male identical twins?
84,000 kcal
How much exercise were the twins allowed during the overfeeding period?
Only ½ hour of supervised walking per day
What was the age range of the young adult male identical twins in the Bouchard Twin Study?
21+/-yr
What was the percentage of fat similarity observed within the pairs of identical twins after the overfeeding period?
Similar within pair weight gain, percentage of fat, fat mass, and estimated subcutaneous fat and visceral fat
What was the mean weight gain of the 12 pairs of identical twins in kilograms after being overfed?
8.1 kg
How many pairs of identical twins were involved in the Bouchard Twin Study?
24
Which factor accounts for the highest percentage of daily energy expenditure?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
What is a potential impact of dieting on metabolism?
Decrease in muscle mass and slowed metabolism
What effect does weight training have on caloric expenditure?
Increases both activity and BMR
What is the potential consequence of severe calorie restriction?
Lowering of metabolic rate
Which type of exercise is particularly effective in elevating metabolic rate during and after the activity?
Resistance training
What accounts for 10% of daily energy expenditure?
Thermic effect of food
What may offer benefits for insulin and glucose control compared to daily caloric restriction diets?
Alternate day fasting
What can aid weight loss but potentially lead to a drop in BMR as weight decreases?
Aerobic exercises
What was discussed as a potential factor in weight gain differences between twins?
Activation of brown adipose tissue
What was found to uptake 2-[18F]fluoro-2-desoxy-glucose (FDG) in a 2007 study?
Brown fat cells
What percentage of BMI variation is attributed to common genetic variation?
21%
What percentage of energy expenditure does Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) account for?
60-70%
What is the main contributor to daily energy expenditure?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
What does 1 pound gained or lost correspond to in terms of calorie surplus or deficit?
3500 calories
What is the measure of body fatness that indicates different weight ranges?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
What is the term for the process associated with the digestion, absorption, and storage of food?
Thermic Effect of Food
What is the term for the process where catabolism is uncoupled from energy production?
Uncoupling Protein
What is the term for the metabolic process that is less restrictive than BMR and decreases with age?
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
What is the term for the metabolic process that accounts for changes in energy expenditure over time?
Metabolic Periodization
What is the term for the tissue that plays a role in energy production and is prominent in hibernating animals and human babies?
Brown Adipose Tissue
Study Notes
Metabolism, Energy Expenditure, and Genetic Factors in Weight Gain and Loss
- A study of 7 pairs of identical twins found that twins are more alike in their response to changes in energy balance than unrelated individuals
- Genetic factors play a significant role in weight gain and loss, with 21% of BMI variation attributed to common genetic variation
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fatness, with different ranges indicating underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity
- Metabolism involves anabolic and catabolic processes, with 1 pound gained or lost corresponding to a 3,500 calorie surplus or deficit
- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) accounts for 60-70% of energy expenditure and is influenced by body size, muscle mass, genetics, thyroid hormone, age, health, and stress level
- Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is less restrictive than BMR and decreases with age, leading to reduced energy expenditure
- A 2021 study identified 4 distinct metabolic periods in life, indicating changes in energy expenditure over time
- Thermic Effect of Food contributes to about 10% of total calorie intake and is associated with the digestion, absorption, and storage of food
- Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) accounts for a major portion of daily energy expenditure and is influenced by environment and biological factors
- Genetic factors can impact energy expenditure, affecting behavior, metabolism, and the presence of brown adipose tissue, which plays a role in energy production
- Brown Adipose Tissue is prominent in hibernating animals and human babies, and it is involved in uncoupling catabolism from energy production
- Understanding the interplay between genetics, metabolism, and energy expenditure is crucial in determining individual differences in weight gain and loss and developing effective strategies for weight management.
Test your knowledge on metabolism, energy expenditure, and genetic factors in weight gain and loss with this quiz. Explore the impact of genetic variation on BMI, the role of BMR and RMR in energy expenditure, and the significance of NEAT and brown adipose tissue. Gain insights into the interplay between genetics and metabolism for effective weight management strategies.
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