Genetics Concepts Matching Quiz

Prader-Willi Syndrome = Reduced motor function and obesity Angelman Syndrome = Hyperactivity and seizures MERRF Disorder = Mitochondrial inheritance Dwarfism in Mice = Affected by paternal IGF2 allele

Chloroplast DNA = Extranuclear DNA Mitochondrial DNA = Extranuclear DNA Nuclear DNA = In the nucleus mtDNA = Inside mitochondria

Maternal Effect = Influence of maternal genotype on offspring phenotype Genomic Imprinting = Differential expression based on parental origin Phenotypic Ratio = Expected distribution of traits in offspring Differentially Methylated Regions = Regions with variable methylation patterns

<p>nn female x Nn male = All offspring recessive Nn female x Nn male = All offspring dominant Affected male MERRF x Normal female = None of the offspring affected nn mother x Nn father = Offspring showing recessive phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snail Coiling = Maternal genotype Dwarfism in Mice = Paternal genotype MERRF Disorder = Maternal phenotype Prader-Willi Syndrome = Paternal chromosome 15 deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imprinting = Only paternal allele expressed Methylation = Silencing of gene expression Maternal Effect Genes = Determine offspring phenotype based on mother Deletion = Loss of genetic material affecting disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prader-Willi Syndrome = Small deletion in paternal chromosome 15 Angelman Syndrome = Small deletion in maternal chromosome 15 MERRF Disorder = Mitochondrial inheritance pattern Dwarfism in Mice = Mutation in IGF2 allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prader-Willi Syndrome = Small hands and feet Angelman Syndrome = Repetitive symmetrical muscle movements Dwarfism = Dependent on paternal genotype MERRF Disorder = Unusual muscle symptoms and myoclonic seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epigenetic Inheritance = Modification that alters gene expression but is not permanent over generations Dosage Compensation = Ensures similar gene expression levels in males and females Genomic Imprinting = Expression depends on whether inherited from male or female parent DNA Methylation = Key mechanism in imprinting that typically inhibits transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Murray Barr = Identified the Barr body in 1949 Ewart Bertram = Collaborated with Murray Barr in identifying the Barr body Susumu Ohno = Proposed the Barr body is a condensed X chromosome Mary Lyon = Proposed dosage compensation through X chromosome inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-Mendelian Inheritance = Patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendel's laws Monoallelic Expression = Only one allele is expressed while the other is silenced Coat Color Variability = Caused by X chromosome inactivation during embryonic development Heterozygous Normal Offspring = Result from a cross between homozygous normal male and homozygous mutant female</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variegated Coat Color in Mice = Patches of different fur colors due to X inactivation Igf-2 Gene = Encodes insulin-like growth factor 2 necessary for growth Homozygous Mutant Male Cross = Results in dwarf heterozygous offspring Erasure of Imprints = Occurs during gametogenesis for further expression regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homozygous Normal Male x Homozygous Mutant Female = Offspring are heterozygous and normal Reciprocal Cross = Offspring are heterozygous and dwarf Igf-2m Allele Expression = Expressed only when inherited from the father Barr Body Formation = Results from inactivation of one X chromosome in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imprinting Control Region = Contains binding sites for transcription factors Expression in Somatic Cells = Both genders express Igf-2 Methylation in Sperm or Oocyte = Inhibits transcription and regulates imprinting Reestablishment of Imprints = Dependent on the sex of the animal during gametogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA Modification during Oogenesis = Affect gene expression temporarily X Chromosome Inactivation = Leads to phenotypic variations such as coat color Dwarfism Cause = Due to mutant Igf-2 resulting in nonfunctional protein Barr Body Discovery = Related to dosage compensation in XX females</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal Male x Mutant Female = Yields heterozygous offspring, normal phenotype Mutant Male x Normal Female = Yields heterozygous offspring, dwarf phenotype Igf-2 Gene Function = Necessary for producing a normal sized organism Male Transmitting Alleles = Only the male transmits active variants of Igf-2</p> Signup and view all the answers