Genetics Chapter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is observed in incomplete dominance?

  • The phenotypes are distinct and separate.
  • Only one allele is expressed.
  • Both alleles are fully expressed.
  • The phenotype is a blend of both homozygous phenotypes. (correct)

Which term describes organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait?

  • Diploid
  • Codominant
  • Heterozygous
  • Homozygous (correct)

What is the outcome of nondisjunction during meiosis?

  • Some gametes have an abnormal number of chromosomes. (correct)
  • Haploid cells form successfully.
  • All chromosomes separate correctly.
  • An equal distribution of chromosomes.

Which of the following statements about linked genes is true?

<p>They tend to be inherited together if located close on the same chromosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a pedigree chart, what symbol typically represents a female?

<p>â–¡ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genetic disorders is classified as recessive?

<p>Cystic fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of a coin landing on heads after flipping it once?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gregor Mendel's principles of genetics were initially studied using which type of organism?

<p>Garden peas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes combination indicates a male individual?

<p>XY (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In constructing a Punnett square, which of the following correctly describes a phenotype?

<p>The physical appearance or expression of a trait (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Incomplete dominance

Heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Linked genes

Genes close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together.

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Nondisjunction

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.

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Constructing Punnett Squares

A Punnett Square is a grid used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from parents with known genotypes.

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Probability of Tails in a Coin Flip

The chance of a coin landing on tails is 1/2 or 50% in a fair coin flip.

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Gregor Mendel's Role in Genetics

Gregor Mendel's experiments laid the foundation for the study of heredity. His principles apply to many organisms' inheritance patterns.

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Sex Chromosome Determination

Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

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Types of Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders can be dominant, recessive, or sex-linked.

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Study Notes

Study Notes

  • Understand how to construct Punnett Squares, including genotype, phenotype, and probability.
  • Know how to interpret and create pedigrees, focusing on 2 or 3 generations, with proper shading and labeling.
  • When flipping a coin, the probability of tails is 50%.
  • Gregor Mendel's significant contribution to the study of genetics.
  • Understand Mendel's principles of genetics and how they apply to all organisms.
  • Chromosomes determine gender: females (XX) and males (XY).
  • Different types of genetic disorders exist: dominant, recessive, and sex-linked.
  • Examples of sex-linked disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, and albinism.
  • Other examples of genetic disorders include Huntington's disease, achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism), and color blindness.
  • Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.

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