Genetics Chapter: Mutations and RNA Functions

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What is a point mutation?

The addition of multiple nucleotides

A mutation that occurs only in RNA

A large segment of DNA being replaced

A change in a single nucleotide during DNA replication (correct)

Which type of mutation involves replacing one base with another?

Substitution (correct)

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

What is the result of an insertion mutation?

A broken chromosome structure

Removal of a single base

Reversal of a DNA segment

Addition of an extra base (correct)

What does a translocation mutation involve?

Moving a piece of DNA from one chromosome to another Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation results in the reversal of a DNA segment?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcription in gene expression?

To convert DNA code to RNA code. Signup and view all the answers

Which modification is NOT performed on mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Transcription factor binding Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is recognized as the start codon in the process of translation?

AUG Signup and view all the answers

Where do codons reside during protein synthesis?

In the mRNA. Signup and view all the answers

What role do anticodons play in the translation process?

They ensure the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mutagen?

An agent that causes genetic mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of exposure to mutagens?

Cancer and other DNA-affected diseases Signup and view all the answers

How do mutagens primarily affect the body?

By inducing genetic mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false about mutagens?

All mutagens are synthetic chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases can mutagens cause?

DNA-affected diseases including cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mRNA?

To copy a portion of DNA and provide instructions for protein assembly Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates rRNA from other types of RNA?

rRNA forms part of the ribosome and aids in protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tRNA from other RNA types?

tRNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly compares DNA and RNA?

DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar Signup and view all the answers

What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?

It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template Signup and view all the answers