Genetics Chapter: Mutations and RNA Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is a point mutation?

  • The addition of multiple nucleotides
  • A mutation that occurs only in RNA
  • A large segment of DNA being replaced
  • A change in a single nucleotide during DNA replication (correct)

Which type of mutation involves replacing one base with another?

  • Substitution (correct)
  • Deletion
  • Inversion
  • Duplication

What is the result of an insertion mutation?

  • A broken chromosome structure
  • Removal of a single base
  • Reversal of a DNA segment
  • Addition of an extra base (correct)

What does a translocation mutation involve?

<p>Moving a piece of DNA from one chromosome to another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation results in the reversal of a DNA segment?

<p>Inversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transcription in gene expression?

<p>To convert DNA code to RNA code. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modification is NOT performed on mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

<p>Transcription factor binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is recognized as the start codon in the process of translation?

<p>AUG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do codons reside during protein synthesis?

<p>In the mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do anticodons play in the translation process?

<p>They ensure the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mutagen?

<p>An agent that causes genetic mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of exposure to mutagens?

<p>Cancer and other DNA-affected diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mutagens primarily affect the body?

<p>By inducing genetic mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false about mutagens?

<p>All mutagens are synthetic chemicals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases can mutagens cause?

<p>DNA-affected diseases including cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mRNA?

<p>To copy a portion of DNA and provide instructions for protein assembly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates rRNA from other types of RNA?

<p>rRNA forms part of the ribosome and aids in protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tRNA from other RNA types?

<p>tRNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly compares DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?

<p>It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a section of DNA that carries instructions for building a protein.

What is rRNA?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes, the cellular factories that build proteins.

What is tRNA?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts like a delivery truck, transporting amino acids to the ribosome to build proteins.

What is RNA Polymerase?

RNA Polymerase is an enzyme that reads DNA and creates a copy of it in the form of RNA.

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What are the key differences between DNA and RNA?

RNA and DNA differ in their structure and composition. RNA is single-stranded, contains the sugar ribose and uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). DNA is double-stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose and uses thymine (T).

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Transcription

The process of converting DNA code into RNA code. It's like copying a recipe from a cookbook.

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Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. It's like a three-letter word that defines a building block for protein.

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Promoter Region

A region of DNA located upstream of a gene where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription. It's like a 'start' signal for the transcription process.

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Translation

The process of converting RNA code into protein. It's like using a recipe to build a cake.

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Anticodon

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA. It's like a key that fits into a lock to bring the correct amino acid.

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Point Mutation

A single nucleotide change in a DNA sequence usually occurring during DNA replication.

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Terminator

A sequence of nucleotides that signals the end of a gene or operon during the transcription process.

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Substitution (Point Mutation)

One base is replaced with another base in the DNA sequence.

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Inversion (Chromosomal Mutation)

A piece of DNA is reversed, altering the order of nucleotides.

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Translocation (Chromosomal Mutation)

A section of DNA breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

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What is a mutagen?

An agent that causes changes in the sequence of DNA, potentially leading to mutations.

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What is a mutation?

A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence.

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What is a genetic disease?

A disease caused by changes in the DNA sequence.

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What is cancer?

A type of genetic disease caused by mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division.

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What are the consequences of mutagen exposure?

Mutagens exposure can lead to various diseases, including cancer and disorders affecting DNA.

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