Questions and Answers
If a cell starts with 48 chromosomes, then each new cell, or gamete, produced at the end of the process will contain ________ chromosomes.
24
Place the components in order from smallest to largest.
According to cell theory, all cells carry out the functions needed to sustain life. That means all cells must contain:
Inherited traits are passed down from our parents to us, their offspring, by the information that is coded in our parents':
Signup and view all the answers
Chromosomes control cell processes. They do this by:
Signup and view all the answers
A _______ is a segment of a chromosome that codes for a specific protein.
Signup and view all the answers
A sequence of nucleotides found in the DNA of this chromosome codes for a specific protein or trait. This segment of DNA is known as a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
Our traits are determined by our genes and these traits are inherited. Where do our genes come from?
Signup and view all the answers
Curly hair, a large nose, and brown eyes are a few examples of inherited traits. Found as a section of a chromosome, our __________ give the instructions that determine human traits like these.
Signup and view all the answers
A trait is a feature or quality of an organism. Each parent supplies one half of the __________ needed to determine the traits of their offspring.
Signup and view all the answers
Digestive enzymes in your stomach and intestines help digest the food you eat. If you are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk products, it is the result of a mutated message in your:
Signup and view all the answers
Things like your eye color and height are not traits you can control. In fact, you inherit traits like these from your parents. These traits are passed on because they are controlled by __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Things like your eye color and height are not under your control. This is because they are determined by your genes. So, eye color is a good example of an inherited __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Evaluate each of the statements below. Select those that accurately describe the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. Choose all THREE that apply.
Signup and view all the answers
During DNA replication, what would be the complementary strand to the original DNA segment of GCTAAT?
Signup and view all the answers
DNA replication or repair occurs in a cell in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when:
Signup and view all the answers
This cell is getting ready to divide. The instructions to form another cell are inside the_________, which are found in the nucleus.
Signup and view all the answers
During cell division, or mitosis, an exact duplicate of the original cell is produced. The instructions for cell division are found in the __________ in the __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chromosome Basics
- A cell with 48 chromosomes produces gametes with 24 chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are composed of DNA and are responsible for carrying genetic information.
Genetic Hierarchy
- The correct order of components from smallest to largest is: DNA nucleotide (B) -> Codon (C) -> Gene (D) -> Chromosome (A).
- A segment of a chromosome coding for a specific protein is known as a gene.
Cell Theory and Functionality
- According to cell theory, all cells perform life-sustaining functions and must contain DNA.
- Chromosomes control cell processes by coding for the production of proteins essential for cellular functions.
Inheritance
- Inherited traits come from parents through genetic information encoded in chromosomes.
- Genes determine traits and are inherited equally from both parents.
- Examples of inherited traits include curly hair, eye color, and height.
Genetic Structure
- Genes, found on chromosomes, instruct the development of traits such as eye color and height.
- Chromosomes determine traits, and each parent contributes half of the chromosomes required for offspring traits.
Mutations and Traits
- Conditions like lactose intolerance arise from mutations in chromosomes affecting gene coding.
- Traits that cannot be controlled environmentally, such as genetics, are inherited through genes.
Validity of Genetic Information
- Key statements regarding genes and chromosomes:
- Alleles represent different forms of a gene.
- Chromosomes store genes that govern trait inheritance.
- Chromosomes consist of DNA.
DNA Replication
- During DNA replication, the complementary strand to the original sequence GCTAAT is CGATTA.
- DNA replication occurs during cell division (mitosis and meiosis) but not during protein synthesis.
Cell Division
- Instructions for forming new cells are contained within chromosomes, located in the nucleus.
- During mitosis, the exact duplication of cells occurs, guided by the information encoded in chromosomes.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge about chromosomes, genes, and the principles of inheritance. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the structure of DNA, genetic hierarchy, and cell theory. Challenge yourself with questions about how traits are inherited and the role of chromosomes in cellular functions.
