Genetics and Inheritance Quiz

<p>Mendelian inheritance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the likelihood of developing a disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both dominant alleles are expressed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique sequence of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dominant trait can mask a recessive trait. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Located on the sex chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where one gene masks the expression of another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations can lead to various disease states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human skin color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may change the observable traits (phenotype). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frameshift mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonsense mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silent mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missense mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deletion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truncated or altered protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missense mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can involve deletions, insertions, and translocations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-linked recessive disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long face (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No common conditions are inherited this way (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations that involve a change in the base sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal cellular metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wild types exhibit the usual phenotype for that species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affected males pass the disorder to all daughters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcomas, adrenal tumours, and breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-linked recessive disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gross mutation - insertion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They protect chromosomes from degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To extend telomere length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene rotates and is reinserted upside down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 in 8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lynch syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pallister Killian syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves chromosome translocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truncated protein production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autosomal dominant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Include insertions, translocations, inversions, and duplications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The complete set of genetic instructions in an organism, typically represented by the DNA sequence.

The observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.

A pair of genes controlling a trait, where one gene is dominant and the other is recessive.

A pair of genes controlling a trait, where both genes are the same (either both dominant or both recessive).

A specific version of a gene, responsible for a particular trait.

The process of inheriting traits from parents to offspring.

The process of transcribing DNA into RNA, which then translates into proteins.

A change in the DNA sequence, potentially leading to altered protein function or phenotype.

A type of inheritance where a single gene determines a trait or disorder, following the principles outlined by Gregor Mendel.

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross between two individuals.

A pattern of inheritance where one allele masks the effect of another allele.

A type of inheritance where the effects of both alleles are equally expressed.

A type of inheritance pattern where the inheritance of a trait is influenced by multiple genes.

A type of inheritance pattern where the trait resides on one of the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

A type of inheritance pattern where the trait resides on the sex chromosomes (X and Y).

Disorders caused by genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y). Most are X-linked due to the larger size of the X chromosome.

Disorders caused by recessive alleles on the X chromosome. They are more common in males because they only have one X chromosome.

A type of X-linked recessive disorder where a mutation in a gene causes intellectual disability, physical features like a long face and large ears, and enlarged testes.

A type of X-linked recessive disorder where a mutation in a gene affects blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding.

A type of X-linked recessive disorder where a mutation in a gene causes progressive muscle degeneration, leading to weakness, wheelchair dependency, and eventually confinement to bed.

An organism with the typical, expected phenotype for a species.

An organism with a phenotype that differs from the wild type due to a mutation.

A change in a single nucleotide within a gene sequence. It can lead to different effects on the protein that is produced.

A point mutation where the altered nucleotide does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein. This happens because the genetic code has redundancies.

A point mutation where a nucleotide is either deleted or added within a gene sequence. This shifts the reading frame, resulting in an incorrect amino acid sequence and a potentially nonfunctional protein.

A point mutation where a single base in a codon is replaced by a different base. This change leads to a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.

A point mutation where a misplaced base changes a codon into a stop codon. This premature stop codon results in a truncated protein.

A substantial change in DNA sequence involving a long stretch of DNA. These mutations can include deletions, insertions, translocations, inversions, and duplications.

A gross mutation where a segment of DNA is removed from a chromosome. This can lead to the loss of a complete gene, part of a gene, or regulatory elements, affecting protein production.

A gross mutation where a segment of DNA is inserted into a different location on the chromosome. This can disrupt the gene or introduce new genetic material.

A type of mutation that involves the insertion of extra bases, often from another chromosome. This can lead to a frameshift mutation, affecting the reading frame and protein production.

A type of mutation that occurs when sections of chromosomes exchange places. These mutations can have significant consequences for protein function and lead to various genetic disorders.

A type of mutation where a gene segment rotates and is reinserted into the same chromosome. Inversion can occur with or without involvement of the centromere, leading to potential disruption of protein function.

A type of mutation where a gene is duplicated, potentially leading to the creation of new genetic material and evolutionary changes. This can occur during DNA replication or recombination.

A mutation where a single nucleotide base is substituted with another. This can result in a different amino acid being incorporated, potentially affecting protein function depending on the nature of the substitution.

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are deleted from a gene sequence, causing a frameshift and potentially affecting protein function.

A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to a gene sequence, causing a frameshift and potentially affecting protein function.

A gene that, when mutated, can increase the risk of cancer development. These genes often play a role in regulating cell growth and death, and their malfunction can lead to uncontrolled cell division.

A protein that protects the ends of chromosomes from degradation and fusion. Telomeres shorten with each cell division and can trigger cell senescence.

An enzyme that adds telomeric DNA sequences to the ends of chromosomes, lengthening them and potentially extending the lifespan of cells.

A gene involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and transcription. Mutations in these genes greatly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers.

A genetic disorder that increases the risk of various cancers, particularly those in the colon and rectum. Individuals with this disorder often develop multiple polyps in the colon.

An inherited disorder that predisposes individuals to the development of numerous polyps in the colon. This condition significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer.

The process by which cells undergo programmed death. This can be triggered by various factors, including DNA damage, and is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis.

The study of how genes and environment interact to influence the likelihood of developing cancer. Some genetic predispositions may be amplified by environmental factors.