Genetics and Human Genome Project Quiz

True (A)

Nucleotide

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traits = Observable characteristics of an organism Gene = A unit of heredity that determines a specific trait Macromolecules = Large complex molecules composed of repeating subunits Nucleotide = The building block of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrophysics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A segment of DNA that produces a functional product, such as a polypeptide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1000 Genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Genome Project = Sequencing the entire human genome GFP expressed in mice = A fluorescent protein used as a marker for gene expression 1000 Genomes Project = Cataloging human genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inherited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene mutations = Differences in gene sequences that lead to two or more expression forms or alleles of the same gene Changes in chromosome structure = Large segments of a chromosome may be lost, duplicated, or reattached to another chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal Opinion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intersex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of an extra chromosome 21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenylketonuria (PKU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission Genetics = Inheritance patterns of traits from parents to offspring Molecular Genetics = Gene organization and function, analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins Population Genetics = Genetic variation and its role in evolution, mathematical theories explaining allele frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrophysics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compare research results and draw conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural proteins = Play a role in cell shape and movement Transport proteins = Aid in the transport of ions and small molecules across the cell membrane Enzymes = Catalyze biochemical reactions, breaking down or building up molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription and Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of heredity and variation in organisms.

A segment of DNA that produces a functional product such as a polypeptide.

A project that aimed to sequence and map all genes of the human species, completed in 2003.

An initiative to catalog human genetic variation by sequencing 2,500 genomes.

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals which contribute to differences in traits.

Molecules made up of amino acids, produced by genes, that perform various functions in the body.

The basic building blocks of DNA and RNA, comprising a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

Contrasting forms within a single species.

Changes in gene sequences that create different alleles of the same gene.

Large segments may be lost, duplicated, or reattached to another chromosome.

Different expression forms of the same gene due to mutations.

A standard process to validate or invalidate hypotheses about the natural world.

How individuals perceive themselves regarding gender.

The designation assigned at birth based on reproductive anatomy.

Individuals with characteristics that differ from typical male or female classifications.

Observable characteristics of an organism.

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Organic compounds that are primary energy sources for living organisms.

Fatty substances that are important for cell membranes and energy storage.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions.

Structures made of DNA and proteins that contain genes.

Refers to the directionality of DNA strands.

Alterations in the count of chromosomes, such as gaining or losing individual chromosomes or sets.

A genetic condition caused by having an extra chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes total.

A genetic disorder resulting in the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, leading to potentially severe mental impairment.

Cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; humans have 46 chromosomes in this state.

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) that contain one set of chromosomes, totaling 23 in humans.

The study of how traits are inherited from parents to offspring and the patterns of inheritance.

The field that studies the molecular basis of genetic phenomena, focusing on DNA, RNA, and proteins.

The study of genetic variation within populations and how it drives evolution through allele frequency.

The twisted ladder shape of DNA structure.

A linear sequence of amino acids forming protein.

The complete set of proteins made by a cell at a given time.

Proteins that help maintain cell shape and movement.

Proteins that facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across membranes.

Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions.

Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units.

The set of rules used to translate DNA sequences into proteins.

Process of converting genetic information into phenotypic traits.

The process of copying DNA information into RNA.

The process where RNA is used to create proteins.

Traits related to the physical appearance of an organism.

Traits that describe how an organism interacts with its environment.