30 Questions
What is the term for the natural process by which physical and mental qualities are passed from a parent to its offspring?
Heredity
What is the term for the genetic material of living things, composed of nucleotides?
DNA
What is the term for the observable characteristics of an individual?
Phenotype
What is the term for a pair of genes that occupy a particular locus in the homologous pair of chromosomes?
Factor
What is the term for the genetic information carried by a pair of alleles, which determines a particular characteristic?
Genotype
What is the term for a gene whose effect is shown in the individual only when its alleles are the same?
Recessive
What is a homozygous individual?
An individual with identical genes for a particular characteristic
What is the significance of uppercase and lowercase letters in gene symbols?
Uppercase letters represent dominant genes, and lowercase letters represent recessive genes
Why did Gregor Mendel choose to study pea plants?
Because they are easy to cultivate and have a short generation time
What is the Law of Segregation?
The law that states that only one allele of a gene pair will end up in a gamete
What is the difference between a dominant gene and a recessive gene?
A dominant gene is always expressed, while a recessive gene is only expressed in the absence of a dominant gene
What is the significance of a heterozygous individual?
An individual with a combination of dominant and recessive genes
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
To reduce the number of chromosomes in an individual
What is the probability of offspring having a gray coat with black eyes from the dihybrid cross?
25%
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
The law that states each trait can be inherited independently
What happens to recessive traits in the presence of dominant traits?
They are hidden unless both recessive traits are passed on to offspring
In the dihybrid cross, what is the genotype of the offspring that will have a white coat with red eyes?
Wwbb
What is the result of the combination of egg and sperm cells during fertilization?
The creation of a new individual with a random combination of traits
What is the dominant allele for belly fur in sheep?
A
In the monohybrid cross 1, what is the genotype of the offspring?
Bb
What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross between two organisms involving only one trait
What is the result of the Law of Segregation?
The creation of gametes with only one allele
What is the probability of offspring bringing home shiny objects in the monohybrid cross 2?
75%
In the monohybrid cross 3, what is the genotype of the offspring that will have belly fur?
AA or Aa
What is the result of incomplete dominance in the F1 hybrid of a cross between two carnations?
A pink flower
What is the main characteristic of co-dominance?
Both alleles are expressed equally
What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis?
Gametes with abnormal number of chromosomes
What is the characteristic of X-linked traits?
They are located only on the X chromosome
What is an example of a recessive sex-linked disorder?
Colorblindness
What is the genotypic ratio of a cross between heterozygous red and white carnations?
1 RR : 2 RW : 1 WW
This quiz covers the basics of genetics, including heredity, chromosomes, and DNA. Test your knowledge of how physical and mental qualities are passed down from parents to offspring.
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