Genetics and Heredity

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the natural process by which physical and mental qualities are passed from a parent to its offspring?

  • Heredity (correct)
  • Dominant
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype

What is the term for the genetic material of living things, composed of nucleotides?

  • Gene
  • DNA (correct)
  • Genotype
  • Chromosomes

What is the term for the observable characteristics of an individual?

  • Genotype
  • Phenotype (correct)
  • Locus
  • Heredity

What is the term for a pair of genes that occupy a particular locus in the homologous pair of chromosomes?

<p>Factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genetic information carried by a pair of alleles, which determines a particular characteristic?

<p>Genotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a gene whose effect is shown in the individual only when its alleles are the same?

<p>Recessive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a homozygous individual?

<p>An individual with identical genes for a particular characteristic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of uppercase and lowercase letters in gene symbols?

<p>Uppercase letters represent dominant genes, and lowercase letters represent recessive genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Gregor Mendel choose to study pea plants?

<p>Because they are easy to cultivate and have a short generation time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Segregation?

<p>The law that states that only one allele of a gene pair will end up in a gamete (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dominant gene and a recessive gene?

<p>A dominant gene is always expressed, while a recessive gene is only expressed in the absence of a dominant gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a heterozygous individual?

<p>An individual with a combination of dominant and recessive genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

<p>To reduce the number of chromosomes in an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of offspring having a gray coat with black eyes from the dihybrid cross?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

<p>The law that states each trait can be inherited independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to recessive traits in the presence of dominant traits?

<p>They are hidden unless both recessive traits are passed on to offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the dihybrid cross, what is the genotype of the offspring that will have a white coat with red eyes?

<p>Wwbb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combination of egg and sperm cells during fertilization?

<p>The creation of a new individual with a random combination of traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant allele for belly fur in sheep?

<p>A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the monohybrid cross 1, what is the genotype of the offspring?

<p>Bb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monohybrid cross?

<p>A cross between two organisms involving only one trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Law of Segregation?

<p>The creation of gametes with only one allele (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of offspring bringing home shiny objects in the monohybrid cross 2?

<p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the monohybrid cross 3, what is the genotype of the offspring that will have belly fur?

<p>AA or Aa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of incomplete dominance in the F1 hybrid of a cross between two carnations?

<p>A pink flower (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of co-dominance?

<p>Both alleles are expressed equally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis?

<p>Gametes with abnormal number of chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of X-linked traits?

<p>They are located only on the X chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a recessive sex-linked disorder?

<p>Colorblindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotypic ratio of a cross between heterozygous red and white carnations?

<p>1 RR : 2 RW : 1 WW (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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