Podcast
Questions and Answers
If both parents have brown eyes but carry a recessive gene for blue eyes, what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?
If both parents have brown eyes but carry a recessive gene for blue eyes, what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?
- 75%
- 0%
- 50%
- 25% (correct)
Why do siblings from the same parents not look exactly alike?
Why do siblings from the same parents not look exactly alike?
- They inherit different sets of dominant genes.
- The process of gamete formation results in random combinations of genes. (correct)
- Mutations occur more frequently in successive pregnancies.
- Environmental factors alter their genetic makeup.
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of a gene?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of a gene?
- A short segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait. (correct)
- A complete set of DNA instructions.
- The nucleus of a cell.
- A cell found within DNA.
How does the recombination of genetic material during reproduction contribute to diversity among individuals?
How does the recombination of genetic material during reproduction contribute to diversity among individuals?
Given that genes exist in pairs within cells, what is the origin of each gene in the pair?
Given that genes exist in pairs within cells, what is the origin of each gene in the pair?
If a certain disease is linked to a recessive gene, what does this imply about the genetic makeup of an individual who does NOT exhibit symptoms of the disease but has a child who does?
If a certain disease is linked to a recessive gene, what does this imply about the genetic makeup of an individual who does NOT exhibit symptoms of the disease but has a child who does?
What is the role of gametes in the process of reproduction?
What is the role of gametes in the process of reproduction?
What determines the combination of genes in a newly formed gamete?
What determines the combination of genes in a newly formed gamete?
In genetics, what does it mean for a gene to be 'dominant'?
In genetics, what does it mean for a gene to be 'dominant'?
If two parents, both with the genotype Bb (where B is brown eyes and b is blue eyes), have a child, what is the probability that the child will have blue eyes (bb)?
If two parents, both with the genotype Bb (where B is brown eyes and b is blue eyes), have a child, what is the probability that the child will have blue eyes (bb)?
A man with brown eyes and the genotype Bb has children with a woman who has blue eyes. What are the possible genotypes of their children??
A man with brown eyes and the genotype Bb has children with a woman who has blue eyes. What are the possible genotypes of their children??
Why is a Punnett square a useful tool in genetics?
Why is a Punnett square a useful tool in genetics?
If a person with brown eyes (BB) has children with a person with blue eyes (bb), what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?
If a person with brown eyes (BB) has children with a person with blue eyes (bb), what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?
Both parents have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. What does this indicate about the genotype of the parents?
Both parents have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. What does this indicate about the genotype of the parents?
An individual with a dominant phenotype has an unknown genotype. How can you determine if they are homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb) for that trait?
An individual with a dominant phenotype has an unknown genotype. How can you determine if they are homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb) for that trait?
Flashcards
Dominant Gene
Dominant Gene
A trait that is expressed even with only one copy of the gene.
Recessive Gene
Recessive Gene
A trait that is only expressed if two copies of the gene are present.
Punnett Square
Punnett Square
A visual tool used to predict the possible gene combinations of offspring.
Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Genotype
Genotype
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Traits
Traits
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
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Genes
Genes
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Gamete
Gamete
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Genetic Recombination
Genetic Recombination
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Gametes
Gametes
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Sibling Genetic Variation
Sibling Genetic Variation
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Gene Expression
Gene Expression
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Study Notes
- People inherit traits like eye, hair, and skin color from their parents.
Genes
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), found in the nucleus of cells, contains the secret code determining an individual's traits.
- Genes, short segments of DNA, code for specific traits such as eye or hair color.
- There are approximately 20-25 thousand genes in total, each responsible for a different characteristic
- Individuals inherit one copy of each gene from each parent.
- The particular combination of genes in an individual's cells is unique.
- This genetic recombination determines visible traits and influences susceptibility to certain diseases.
Reproduction
- Parents produce gametes, special cells with only one copy of each gene, to create offspring with a unique genetic code.
- A random process determines which copy of each gene is included in each gamete.
- The combination of two gametes forms a unique combination of genes from both parents in a new cell.
- Each child in a family has a different combination of genes due to the uniqueness of each gamete.
Dominant and Recessive Genes
- Only one trait is expressed even though two copies of each gene are inherited.
- Brown eye genes (B) are dominant over blue eye genes (b).
- Two brown eye genes (BB) result in brown eyes, and two blue eye genes (bb) result in blue eyes.
- A brown eye gene and a blue eye gene (Bb) result in brown eyes.
- The dominant trait is expressed with just one copy of the gene, while the recessive trait requires two copies for expression.
Punnett Squares
- Punnett squares determine the potential traits of offspring based on the genes of the parents.
- Listing the genes of one parent vertically and the other horizontally helps determine possible gene combinations.
- Parents with one brown eye gene and one blue eye gene (Bb) have a Punnett square that demonstrates the probabilities of their offspring's eye color.
- There is a 25% chance of the offspring having two brown eye genes (BB), 50% chance of having one brown and one blue eye gene (Bb, resulting in brown eyes), and 25% chance of having two blue eye genes (bb).
- It is possible for two brown-eyed parents to have blue-eyed children if both parents possess a recessive blue eye gene.
- If both parents carry genes for both brown and blue eyes, there is a 1 in 4 chance that a child will have blue eyes.
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Description
Explore heredity and genetics. Learn how DNA and genes determine inherited traits, and how genetic recombination creates unique individuals by mixing genetic information from both parents. Understand the basics of genetic inheritance.
