Genetics and Hemophilia Quiz

Study Notes

Parents of a hemophiliac son are phenotypically normal but carry a genetic trait for hemophilia.
Father: Genotype is X^HY (hemizygous; normal allele for clotting).
Mother: Genotype is X^hX^H (heterozygous; one normal allele and one allele for hemophilia).
Children can have genotypes: X^hY (son; hemophiliac), X^HX^H (daughter; normal), or X^hX^H (daughter; carrier).
Hemophilia is more common in males due to its X-linked recessive inheritance pattern; males have one X chromosome, resulting in a higher likelihood of expressing the trait.

Water uptake is influenced by environmental conditions, with varying rates measured in mm/hr.
Sugar translocation occurs in the phloem, where sugars are transported at specific rates influenced by temperature and light.

Human beings occupy the tertiary consumer level.
Grass occupies the primary producer level.
Organism with the least biomass is likely the top predator in the food web.
Lower biomass occurs at higher trophic levels because energy is lost at each level of transfer.
Identification of food types can include analyzing gut content or observing feeding patterns and behaviors.

Respiration rates decline from infants (30-60 breaths/min) to adults (12-20 breaths/min) due to physical development and lung capacity.
Additional factors affecting respiration include physical activity levels and environmental conditions (altitude, temperature).
Anaerobic respiration is used in dairy production, particularly in fermentation processes to produce lactic acid, which contributes to flavor and preservation.
The medulla oblongata controls the rate of breathing.
Proteins are utilized as a respiratory substrate under prolonged fasting or intense exercise conditions.

The experiment aims to demonstrate that light is necessary for photosynthesis by observing leaf changes after exposure to sunlight.
The food test conducted is likely to check for the presence of starch.
Positive food test results would show a color change indicating starch presence, such as dark blue with iodine.
Factors increasing the rate of photosynthesis include increased light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration.

Dry mass of cowpea embryos increases over time, plotted on a graph to visualize growth rates.
The curve obtained may show exponential growth or logistic growth phases depending on the phase of germination.
Slow growth from days one to three likely stems from energy mobilization and initial establishment of root and shoot systems.
Limited growth between days 9 and 11 can be attributed to resource allocation for development, such as nutrient availability or stress factors.
Some phyla, such as fungi, do not exhibit typical growth curves as they grow continuously without specific shaping.
The rapid growth in certain phyla is labeled as indeterminate growth behavior.
Using dry mass provides a more reliable measurement of growth as it accounts for water content variation, ensuring accurate biomass estimation.

Podcast