Genetics and DNA Structure
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Questions and Answers

What does DNA stand for?

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (correct)
  • Deoxyribonucleotide acid
  • Deoxyribose nucleotide arrangement
  • Double ribonucleic acid

    • Which statement is true regarding alleles?

  • Alleles are unrelated to genetic traits.
  • Alleles only occur in male individuals.
  • An allele is always the dominant version of a gene.
  • Alleles are variations of a gene. (correct)

    • How are males and females represented in pedigree charts?

  • Males are represented by squares and females by circles. (correct)
  • Males are shown by triangles and females by rectangles.
  • Males are represented by circles and females by squares.
  • Both genders are represented by the same shape.

    • What does it mean for an individual to be homozygous?

    <p>Having two identical alleles for a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dominant traits?

    <p>They will show in offspring if at least one parent possesses them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Structure and Function

    • DNA is the blueprint for all living things.
    • It has a double helix shape.
    • DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid.
    • A gene is a section of DNA located on chromosomes.
    • An allele is a variation of a gene.

    Matching DNA Bases

    • Adenine (A) corresponds with Thymine (T).
    • Cytosine (C) corresponds with Guanine (G).
    • Example: AGCTGATT corresponds with TCGACTAA.

    Inheritance of Traits

    • Dominant traits are expressed in offspring if at least one parent has them.
    • Recessive traits may be expressed even if neither parent shows them.
    • True-breeding means offspring consistently inherit the same traits as parents.

    Pedigree Charts

    • Male individuals are represented by squares.
    • Female individuals are represented by circles.

    Mutations

    • Mutations can cause changes in traits.
    • Examples include a person with two different colored eyes.

    Homozygous and Heterozygous

    • Homozygous means having two identical alleles.
    • Heterozygous means having two different alleles.

    Identical Twins

    • Identical twins develop from one zygote.

    Gregor Mendel

    • Gregor Mendel is considered the "father of genetics."
    • He described the passing of traits before the existence of genes was understood.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of DNA structure and its function within genetics. Topics include the base pairing rules, inheritance patterns, pedigree charts, and the impact of mutations on traits. Test your knowledge about key concepts like genes, alleles, and types of genetic variation.

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