Genetics and Cell Division

Study Notes

Inheritance is the process of passing genetic information from parents to offspring.
Genetic information is carried in DNA located in the chromosomes of cells.
Chromosomes are made of DNA and contain genes, which are lengths of DNA that code for proteins.
Genes come in different versions called alleles, which can result in variations in traits.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one of which determines sex.
Females have two X chromosomes and produce only X chromosome egg cells.
Males have one X and one Y chromosome and produce both X and Y chromosome sperm cells.
The combination of X and Y chromosomes determines the sex of the offspring.
DNA provides instructions for making proteins that perform various functions in cells.
The sequence of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids used to make a specific protein.
Proteins are essential for cell function and are made through the process of transcription and translation.
Mitosis is a process of nuclear division that produces genetically identical cells, helping in growth and repair.
Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that produces genetically different cells, involved in the production of gametes.
Mitosis produces two daughter cells and keeps the chromosome number constant, while meiosis produces four daughter cells and halves the chromosome number.

Description

Test your knowledge of genetics, chromosomes, DNA, alleles, cell division, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Explore how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring and how cells divide to produce genetically identical or different cells.