Genetics and Biotechnology: Calculating Allele and Genotype Frequencies

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If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what can be inferred about its genetic structure?

It is changing over time.
It is not evolving at the particular genetic locus. (correct)
There is a high frequency of heterozygous carriers.
There is no genetic variation.

What is the definition of evolution from a population genetics perspective?

A change in the genetic structure of a population over time. (correct)
A change in the environment over time.
The process of natural selection acting on a population.
The random change in allele frequencies due to genetic drift.

In a population, if the frequency of AA homozygotes is not equal to p2, what can be concluded?

The population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
The population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. (correct)
The frequency of normal homozygous individuals is low.
The frequency of the mutated CF allele is high.

What is the summation of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem?

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium indicate?

Microevolution is occurring. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

The frequency of AA homozygotes is equal to p2, the frequency of Aa heterozygotes is equal to 2pq, and the frequency of aa homozygotes is equal to q2. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the A allele in the given population?

0.8 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype frequency of the AA genotype in the given population?

0.64 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for the Hardy-Weinberg Principle to be applicable?

Random mating and no genetic drift (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cross between an A pollen and an a ovum?

Aa genotype (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that describes the genetic structure of a non-evolving population?

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the principle that describes the genetic structure of a non-evolving population?

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the RP allele in Tristan da Cunha compared to Britain?

Higher in Tristan da Cunha (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of gene flow between two populations?

Genetic differences between populations decrease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the pink flowered plants being 'fitter' than the white flowered plants at the phenotypic level?

The frequency of pink flowered plants will increase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

A closed system with no gene flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the frequency of the A allele and the a allele in the population over time?

The frequency of the A allele increases, and the frequency of the a allele decreases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genetic drift in a population?

Decreased genetic variation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of alleles between populations?

Gene flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process described in the population?

Microevolution via natural selection and adaptation to the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increase in the frequency of the pink allele (A allele) in the population?

The A allele is advantageous over the a allele (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can be affected by inbreeding in a population?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of natural selection on the allele frequencies in the population?

The frequency of the A allele increases, and the frequency of the a allele decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the population being fixed for the white allele (a allele) in Generation 1?

The frequency of the A allele is 0.0, and the frequency of the a allele is 1.0 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of genetic variation in a population?

Mutation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the frequency of the a allele when a mutation occurs in a white-flowered plant population?

It decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the presence of pink flowers in a wildflower population in terms of adaptation?

They are more visible to pollen-collecting bees (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in a population in terms of genetic structure?

An alteration of the genetic structure by creating new alleles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of natural selection on the wildflower population?

It favors the pink-flowered plants (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the a allele in the initial generation?

1.0 (C) Signup and view all the answers