Genetic Recombination Overview

Exchange of DNA segments between similar DNA molecules, crucial for DNA repair and genetic diversity.

DNA segments with high similarity or identity, needed for homologous recombination.

Bacterial protein essential for homologous recombination.

Targeted DNA exchange at specific sequences, not requiring extensive similarity between molecules

Special enzymes that facilitate site-specific recombination.

A site-specific recombination system used in genetic engineering.

Breaks in both strands of the DNA double helix. Can be repaired by homologous recombination.

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

A system for precise DNA modification, often leading to insertion, deletion, or inversions of DNA segments.

The exchange of genetic material between identical sister chromatids during mitosis. It's a repair mechanism.

Recombination between non-identical sister chromatids. Crucial for genetic diversity.

The breaking and rejoining of DNA; various patterns. Key to both meiosis and mitosis.

A four-stranded DNA structure that forms during recombination.

Genetic recombination that occurs between non-identical chromatids during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity

Genetic recombination that occurs between identical sister chromatids during mitosis, crucial for DNA repair.

Identical copies of a chromosome created for cell division.

Visual way to study sister chromatid exchanges by using dyes to see alternating patterns after DNA replication.

The process of duplicating DNA to create a copy for cell division, mitosis.

A four-stranded DNA structure where two homologous DNA molecules exchange segments.

A single-stranded DNA segment invading a different DNA for recombination.

Movement of the Holliday junction along the DNA through base pair exchange.

The process of cleaving the Holliday junction to create new DNA molecules.

Outcome of resolution where DNA segments are exchanged.

Outcome of resolution where DNA segments aren't exchanged.

A region on the DNA where strands from different molecules pair up.

DNA nicks that happen during homologous recombination processes in similar positions in homologous molecules.

Initially 4-fold symmetrical structure. It can be a stacked-X for enhanced stability.

A more stable form of the Holliday Junction, creating a cross-shaped structure with antiparallel DNA strands.

A DNA region where strands from different DNA molecules are paired together during recombination.

Branch migration that occurs naturally due to thermal fluctuations in the cell.

Branch migration accelerated by specialized proteins that bind to the Holliday junction and facilitate its movement.

Bacterial proteins that form a molecular motor to unwind and move the Holliday junction during recombination.

A eukaryotic protein involved in homologous recombination, facilitating strand pairing and heteroduplex extension.

A break in both strands of the DNA double helix, initiating homologous recombination for repair.

The enzymatic degradation of DNA at the point of a double-strand break, creating single-stranded overhangs.

A multi-enzyme complex involved in homologous recombination in bacteria. It unwinds DNA, degrades it, and recognizes specific sequences (Chi sites) to initiate recombination.

A specific DNA sequence (5'GCTGGTGG-3') recognized by the RecBCD complex. It acts as a hotspot for homologous recombination, influencing the nuclease activity of the complex.

A structure formed during homologous recombination where a single-stranded DNA strand displaces one strand of a homologous double-stranded DNA molecule.

The final step of homologous recombination, where Holliday junctions are cleaved by specific enzymes (resolvases). This results in either crossover or non-crossover products.