Genetic Material Abnormalities: Translocations and Inversions
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between paracentric and pericentric inversions?

  • Both paracentric and pericentric inversions include the centromere.
  • Neither paracentric nor pericentric inversions include the centromere.
  • Pericentric inversion includes the centromere, while paracentric inversion does not. (correct)
  • Paracentric inversion includes the centromere, while pericentric inversion does not.

Which type of chromosomal abnormality involves the changes in the number of chromosomes?

  • Translocations
  • Polyploidy (correct)
  • Reciprocal translocations
  • Inversions

What is the main difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy?

  • Aneuploidy involves translocation of chromosomes, while polyploidy involves inversion.
  • Aneuploidy involves missing chromosomes, while polyploidy involves extra chromosomes. (correct)
  • Aneuploidy involves extra chromosomes, while polyploidy involves missing chromosomes.
  • Aneuploidy involves inversion of chromosomes, while polyploidy involves translocation.

What characterizes nonreciprocal translocation?

<p>Exchange of segments between nonhomologous chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would the chromosome fail to move to the spindle pole during cell division?

<p>Missing centromere preventing spindle fibers from attaching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inversion does not include the centromere of the chromosome?

<p>Paracentric inversion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child with Cri-du-chat syndrome is most likely to exhibit which physical characteristic?

<p>Small head, widely spaced eyes, round face (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of chromosome segment deletions in terms of cell division processes?

<p>The segment will not segregate into meiosis or mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and a deletion on chromosome 4?

<p>Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In reciprocal translocation, what happens to chromosome segments between two non-homologous chromosomes?

<p>Segments are exchanged between the chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Prader-Willi syndrome from other syndromes mentioned?

<p>Difficulty feeding at an early age and later becoming obese (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does reverse duplication differ from normal duplication?

<p>Reverse duplication creates a copy in the opposite orientation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between structural abnormalities and numerical abnormalities in chromosomes?

<p>Structural abnormalities involve changes in the structure of chromosomes, while numerical abnormalities involve loss or gain of whole chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of structural abnormality involves the doubling of a specific chromosomal segment?

<p>Tandem duplication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of effects on individuals, what does the text suggest about chromosome loss and chromosome gain?

<p>Chromosome loss has a greater effect on the individual than chromosome gain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do inversions refer to in terms of chromosomal abnormalities?

<p>Reversal of a segment within a chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a reciprocal translocation occurs between two non-homologous chromosomes, what happens?

<p>Two segments from different chromosomes exchange places. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the loss or gain of whole chromosomes?

<p>Aneuploidy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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