Genetic Material Abnormalities: Translocations and Inversions

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What is the difference between paracentric and pericentric inversions?

Both paracentric and pericentric inversions include the centromere.

Neither paracentric nor pericentric inversions include the centromere.

Pericentric inversion includes the centromere, while paracentric inversion does not. (correct)

Paracentric inversion includes the centromere, while pericentric inversion does not.

Which type of chromosomal abnormality involves the changes in the number of chromosomes?

Translocations

Polyploidy (correct)

Reciprocal translocations

Inversions

What is the main difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy?

Aneuploidy involves translocation of chromosomes, while polyploidy involves inversion.

Aneuploidy involves missing chromosomes, while polyploidy involves extra chromosomes. (correct)

Aneuploidy involves extra chromosomes, while polyploidy involves missing chromosomes.

Aneuploidy involves inversion of chromosomes, while polyploidy involves translocation.

What characterizes nonreciprocal translocation?

Exchange of segments between nonhomologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would the chromosome fail to move to the spindle pole during cell division?

Missing centromere preventing spindle fibers from attaching Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inversion does not include the centromere of the chromosome?

Paracentric inversion Signup and view all the answers

A child with Cri-du-chat syndrome is most likely to exhibit which physical characteristic?

Small head, widely spaced eyes, round face Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of chromosome segment deletions in terms of cell division processes?

The segment will not segregate into meiosis or mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and a deletion on chromosome 4?

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In reciprocal translocation, what happens to chromosome segments between two non-homologous chromosomes?

Segments are exchanged between the chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Prader-Willi syndrome from other syndromes mentioned?

Difficulty feeding at an early age and later becoming obese Signup and view all the answers

How does reverse duplication differ from normal duplication?

Reverse duplication creates a copy in the opposite orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between structural abnormalities and numerical abnormalities in chromosomes?

Structural abnormalities involve changes in the structure of chromosomes, while numerical abnormalities involve loss or gain of whole chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of structural abnormality involves the doubling of a specific chromosomal segment?

Tandem duplication Signup and view all the answers

In terms of effects on individuals, what does the text suggest about chromosome loss and chromosome gain?

Chromosome loss has a greater effect on the individual than chromosome gain. Signup and view all the answers

What do inversions refer to in terms of chromosomal abnormalities?

Reversal of a segment within a chromosome Signup and view all the answers

If a reciprocal translocation occurs between two non-homologous chromosomes, what happens?

Two segments from different chromosomes exchange places. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the loss or gain of whole chromosomes?

Aneuploidy Signup and view all the answers