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Genetic Information Transfer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the four nucleotide residues that make up the structure of RNA?

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil (correct)

Alanine, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, and Tyrosine

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine

Arginine, Cysteine, Glycine, and Tryptophan

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA structure?

DNA contains 20 different amino acids, while RNA contains only 4 nucleotides

DNA is found in the nucleus, while RNA is found in the cytoplasm

DNA uses Uracil, while RNA uses Thymine

DNA has a double-helix structure, while RNA has a single-stranded structure (correct)

How many different amino acids are used to construct proteins in humans?

100

20 (correct)

What is the term used to describe an organism's complete set of DNA?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins Signup and view all the answers

How many distinct pairs of chromosomes does the human genome contain?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that transfers genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves transforming RNA into proteins based on the genetic code?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

Where is the information for making proteins stored?

Central Dogma Signup and view all the answers

Which region contains microRNAs and transcription factor binding sites?

Intergenic region Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting DNA to protein through transcription and translation?

Central Dogma Signup and view all the answers

In which process is RNA transformed into protein?

(RNA→protein) translation Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA polymerase transcribes protein-coding genes?

RNA polymerase II Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the translation machinery is responsible for decoding the mRNA codons?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?

To charge tRNA molecules with their corresponding amino acids Signup and view all the answers

In which direction is the mRNA template read during translation?

5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

To transport specific amino acids to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers