21 Questions
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acids and Ribonucleic acids
What is the secret behind the conserved sequence of amino acid in a protein?
Translation
How are nucleosides formed?
By connecting C5` of pentose to N-1 of a pyrimidine base
What is the main responsibility of nucleic acids?
Storage and transfer of genetic information for protein production
What are the nitrogenous bases that form nucleotides?
Pyrimidines and purines
What are the levels of organization of DNA?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
What is the backbone of each DNA strand made of?
Phosphodiester bonds
How many base pairs are there per turn in the double helix of DNA?
10
What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the most common physiological form of the double helix structure of DNA?
B-form
In what direction is the order of nucleotides always written?
5 to 3 direction
What is the primary role of histone proteins in chromatin structure?
Regulating gene expression
What is the primary component of each chromatid in chromatin structure?
A single DNA molecule
What is the structure of chromatin before cell division?
Highly condensed chromosomes
What is the main function of nucleosomes in chromatin structure?
Packaging DNA into a compact structure
What is the primary characteristic of histone proteins that allows them to interact with DNA?
Positive charge from lysine and arginine
What is the structure formed by 8 histones around which a segment of dsDNA is wound nearly twice?
Histone octomer
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA to produce copies for both daughter cells?
S phase (synthesis)
Which class of proteins are important for the regulation of gene expression and responsible for replication and transcription?
Non-histone proteins
What is the shape assumed by the nucleofilament when nucleosomes are packed more tightly to form it?
Coil
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the cell preparing itself for replication?
G1 phase
Join Dr. George N. B. Morcos as he discusses the synthesis of proteins, the conserved sequence of amino acids, and the structure of nucleic acids. By the end of the lecture, you should be able to describe the flow of genetic information, define nucleic acids, illustrate the structural components of a nucleotide, and describe the levels of organization of DNA.
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