Genetic Information Flow and Nucleic Acids Lecture
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

  • Amino acids and lipids
  • Deoxyribonucleic acids and carbohydrates
  • Ribonucleic acids and proteins
  • Deoxyribonucleic acids and Ribonucleic acids (correct)

    • What is the secret behind the conserved sequence of amino acid in a protein?

  • Nucleotide structure
  • Transcription
  • Translation (correct)
  • Replication

    • How are nucleosides formed?

  • By connecting C5` of pentose to N-1 of a pyrimidine base (correct)
  • By esterification of phosphoric acid to the alcohol group at C-1` of the pentose structure
  • By connecting C1` of pentose to N-1 of a purine base
  • By esterification of phosphoric acid to the alcohol group at C-5` of the pentose structure

    • What is the main responsibility of nucleic acids?

    <p>Storage and transfer of genetic information for protein production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nitrogenous bases that form nucleotides?

    <p>Pyrimidines and purines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels of organization of DNA?

    <p>Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of each DNA strand made of?

    <p>Phosphodiester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many base pairs are there per turn in the double helix of DNA?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common physiological form of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>B-form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction is the order of nucleotides always written?

    <p>5<code> to 3</code> direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of histone proteins in chromatin structure?

    <p>Regulating gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of each chromatid in chromatin structure?

    <p>A single DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of chromatin before cell division?

    <p>Highly condensed chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nucleosomes in chromatin structure?

    <p>Packaging DNA into a compact structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of histone proteins that allows them to interact with DNA?

    <p>Positive charge from lysine and arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by 8 histones around which a segment of dsDNA is wound nearly twice?

    <p>Histone octomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA to produce copies for both daughter cells?

    <p>S phase (synthesis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of proteins are important for the regulation of gene expression and responsible for replication and transcription?

    <p>Non-histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape assumed by the nucleofilament when nucleosomes are packed more tightly to form it?

    <p>Coil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the cell preparing itself for replication?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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