Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of selective breeding?
What is the purpose of selective breeding?
- To introduce new traits by hybridizing two organisms
- To produce genetically identical offspring
- To maintain desired traits by choosing the best male and female to breed (correct)
- To create a genetic copy of an organism
What is the main risk associated with inbreeding?
What is the main risk associated with inbreeding?
- Higher success rate in breeding
- Improved immune system
- Increased genetic variation
- Decreased genetic diversity (correct)
How does cloning differ from inbreeding?
How does cloning differ from inbreeding?
- Cloning creates genetically identical organisms, while inbreeding maintains desired traits. (correct)
- Cloning involves hybridizing two organisms, while inbreeding involves creating genetic copies.
- Inbreeding is a form of asexual reproduction, while cloning involves genetically similar organisms.
- Inbreeding ensures genetic diversity, while cloning leads to decreased variations.
What is a potential benefit of gene splicing?
What is a potential benefit of gene splicing?
Which technique allows for the creation of disease-resistant potatoes like the Burbank potato?
Which technique allows for the creation of disease-resistant potatoes like the Burbank potato?
What is a common drawback associated with cloning?
What is a common drawback associated with cloning?
What is the primary goal of Genetic Engineering?
What is the primary goal of Genetic Engineering?
What term is used for a genetically modified organism that has genes transferred from one organism to another?
What term is used for a genetically modified organism that has genes transferred from one organism to another?
Which tool is commonly used in Recombinant DNA Technology for studying and manipulating DNA molecules?
Which tool is commonly used in Recombinant DNA Technology for studying and manipulating DNA molecules?
What is the main technique used in artificial selection to produce offspring with desired traits?
What is the main technique used in artificial selection to produce offspring with desired traits?
Which process involves choosing organisms with specific characteristics to mate and produce offspring with desired traits?
Which process involves choosing organisms with specific characteristics to mate and produce offspring with desired traits?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Genetic Engineering
- The goal of genetic engineering is to add new traits to an organism that are not normally found in it.
- It involves making changes to the genetic code of an organism.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- A GMO is a plant, animal, or microbe with one or more changes made to its genome.
- GMOs are also called transgenic organisms since genes are transferred from one organism to another.
Recombinant DNA Technology
- Molecular biologists use various technologies and tools to study and manipulate DNA molecules.
- These technologies and tools include:
- Artificial selection
- Cloning
- Gene splicing
- Gel electrophoresis
- DNA sequencing
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Artificial Selection
- Breeders choose which organisms to mate to produce offspring with desired traits.
- They cannot control which genes are passed on.
- Three types of artificial selection:
- Selective breeding: mating animals with desired characteristics to produce offspring with those traits.
- Hybridization: crossing two individuals with unlike characteristics to produce the best in both organisms.
- Inbreeding: breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits.
Cloning
- Cloning involves creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.
- Identical twins are naturally created clones.
- Cloning can be done by:
- Removing a single cell from a parent organism
- Growing an entire individual from that cell
- Benefits of cloning:
- Exact copies of organisms with strong traits can be made
- Food supply can be increased
- Medical purposes: clone organs for transplants
- Bring back or stop species from going extinct
- Risks of cloning:
- Decreases genetic diversity
- If one clone gets a disease, they all get it
- Inefficient: high failure rate
- Expensive
Gene Splicing
- DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism.
- A trait is transferred from one organism to another.
- Example: the human insulin gene can be removed from a human cell and put into a bacterium to produce insulin.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
