Genetic Control and Protein Synthesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the central dogma of biology?

RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into proteins

DNA is directly translated into proteins

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins (correct)

Proteins are transcribed into DNA, which is translated into RNA

Which of the following is a function of mRNA?

Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes (correct)

Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Forms the structure of the ribosomes

Regulates gene expression

What is the role of miRNA and siRNA?

Carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

Form the structure of the ribosomes

Regulate gene expression by blocking translation or promoting mRNA degradation (correct)

Act as templates for protein synthesis

What occurs during the process of translation?

Formation of proteins on the ribosomes using mRNA and tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of genes that the human haploid genome can code for?

30,000 genes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of similarity exists at the genome level among humans?

99.8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomeres?

Prevent degradation of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the cell cycle?

DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription of RNA from DNA occur?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Replacing mismatches with complementary nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation of mRNA into protein take place?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cancer according to the text?

Mutation or abnormal activation of genes that control cell growth and/or mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA?

Genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proto-oncogenes?

Normal genes Signup and view all the answers

What forms the backbone of RNA and DNA?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oncogenes?

Abnormal genes Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA compacted in the cell?

Association with histones into chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the G2 (Gap 2) phase of the cell cycle?

Cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism called?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomerase in cell division?

Add bases to the ends of telomeres Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code consisting of?

Successive triplets of bases Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate of cell growth?

Growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA include that is involved in protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the genetic message in cells?

It is normally maintained in a repressed state Signup and view all the answers

What does transfer RNA act as during protein synthesis?

Carrier molecule, recognizing specific codons and combining with amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is micro RNA involved in?

Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis and Cell Function

Transcription of RNA from DNA occurs in the nucleus, with one DNA strand transcribed into pre-mRNA and then modified into mRNA.
Translation of mRNA into protein takes place in the cytoplasm, where it associates with ribosomes and tRNA molecules.
Genes, made of DNA, are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA, which carries out the work.
Nucleotides, which contain a sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing base, form the backbone of RNA and DNA.
DNA and RNA have similar primary structures but differ in their sugar component, with DNA being metabolically stable and RNA in dynamic equilibrium with the AA pool.
DNA is compacted in the cell by association with histones into chromosomes, with a diploid human cell containing 46 chromosomes.
DNA, composed of discrete units called genes, forms a double-stranded molecule with four nitrogenous bases between the strands.
The genome, the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism, codes for proteins and produces different cell types.
Transcription involves the transfer of the DNA code to the cytoplasm through RNA, with genetic code consisting of successive triplets of bases.
RNA is produced by the transcription of genes along a DNA strand and includes messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
Transfer RNA acts as a carrier molecule during protein synthesis, recognizing specific codons and combining with amino acids.
Micro RNA is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, affecting protein synthesis, mRNA degradation, and sequestering.

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Description

Test your knowledge of genetic control of protein synthesis and cell function with this quiz. Explore topics such as transcription, translation, DNA structure, RNA types, and the role of micro RNA in gene expression.