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Questions and Answers
What is the central dogma of biology?
What is the central dogma of biology?
- RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is translated into proteins
- DNA is directly translated into proteins
- DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins (correct)
- Proteins are transcribed into DNA, which is translated into RNA
Which of the following is a function of mRNA?
Which of the following is a function of mRNA?
- Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes (correct)
- Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
- Forms the structure of the ribosomes
- Regulates gene expression
What is the role of miRNA and siRNA?
What is the role of miRNA and siRNA?
- Carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes
- Form the structure of the ribosomes
- Regulate gene expression by blocking translation or promoting mRNA degradation (correct)
- Act as templates for protein synthesis
What occurs during the process of translation?
What occurs during the process of translation?
What is the approximate number of genes that the human haploid genome can code for?
What is the approximate number of genes that the human haploid genome can code for?
What percentage of similarity exists at the genome level among humans?
What percentage of similarity exists at the genome level among humans?
What is the function of telomeres?
What is the function of telomeres?
What occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the cell cycle?
What occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the cell cycle?
Where does transcription of RNA from DNA occur?
Where does transcription of RNA from DNA occur?
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
Where does translation of mRNA into protein take place?
Where does translation of mRNA into protein take place?
What is the main cause of cancer according to the text?
What is the main cause of cancer according to the text?
What are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA?
What are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA?
What is the function of proto-oncogenes?
What is the function of proto-oncogenes?
What forms the backbone of RNA and DNA?
What forms the backbone of RNA and DNA?
What is the function of oncogenes?
What is the function of oncogenes?
How is DNA compacted in the cell?
How is DNA compacted in the cell?
What occurs during the G2 (Gap 2) phase of the cell cycle?
What occurs during the G2 (Gap 2) phase of the cell cycle?
What is the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism called?
What is the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism called?
What is the role of telomerase in cell division?
What is the role of telomerase in cell division?
What is the genetic code consisting of?
What is the genetic code consisting of?
What determines the rate of cell growth?
What determines the rate of cell growth?
What does RNA include that is involved in protein synthesis?
What does RNA include that is involved in protein synthesis?
What happens to the genetic message in cells?
What happens to the genetic message in cells?
What does transfer RNA act as during protein synthesis?
What does transfer RNA act as during protein synthesis?
What is micro RNA involved in?
What is micro RNA involved in?
Study Notes
Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis and Cell Function
- Transcription of RNA from DNA occurs in the nucleus, with one DNA strand transcribed into pre-mRNA and then modified into mRNA.
- Translation of mRNA into protein takes place in the cytoplasm, where it associates with ribosomes and tRNA molecules.
- Genes, made of DNA, are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA, which carries out the work.
- Nucleotides, which contain a sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing base, form the backbone of RNA and DNA.
- DNA and RNA have similar primary structures but differ in their sugar component, with DNA being metabolically stable and RNA in dynamic equilibrium with the AA pool.
- DNA is compacted in the cell by association with histones into chromosomes, with a diploid human cell containing 46 chromosomes.
- DNA, composed of discrete units called genes, forms a double-stranded molecule with four nitrogenous bases between the strands.
- The genome, the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism, codes for proteins and produces different cell types.
- Transcription involves the transfer of the DNA code to the cytoplasm through RNA, with genetic code consisting of successive triplets of bases.
- RNA is produced by the transcription of genes along a DNA strand and includes messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
- Transfer RNA acts as a carrier molecule during protein synthesis, recognizing specific codons and combining with amino acids.
- Micro RNA is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, affecting protein synthesis, mRNA degradation, and sequestering.
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Description
Test your knowledge of genetic control of protein synthesis and cell function with this quiz. Explore topics such as transcription, translation, DNA structure, RNA types, and the role of micro RNA in gene expression.
