Genetic Conditions and Dental Implications
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

  • Long arms and legs
  • Multipl impacted teeth
  • Brown or purple colored teeth (correct)
  • Curvature of the spine

    • What is a potential issue during dental surgery for patients with Osteopetrosis?

  • Increased risk of bony fractures (correct)
  • Inability to anesthetize
  • Poor tooth alignment
  • High risk of dental decay

    • Which of the following symptoms is associated with Marfan Syndrome?

  • Persistent primary teeth
  • Soft dentin
  • Multiple supernumerary teeth
  • Flexible joints (correct)

    • What dental issue may occur in Cleidocranial Dysostosis?

    <p>Persistent/deprived primary teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic change is typical in the bones of someone with Osteopetrosis?

    <p>Increased density of skull bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classical deformities associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Boutonniere deformity and swan neck deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common dermatological manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from the use of NSAIDs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment?

    <p>Anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the 1st incubation period for syphilitic chancre after the spirochet introduction?

    <p>3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period follows the appearance of the chancre and lasts for 6 weeks?

    <p>2nd Incubation Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome may cause splenomegaly and leukopenia in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Felty's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period do serological reactions become positive for the first time after chancre removal?

    <p>Seronegative 1st Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular complication of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is valuable for early diagnosis and follow-up of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the second cycle of acquired syphilis last on average?

    <p>4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as Latent Syphilis?

    <p>No clinical symptoms but serological test positivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is described as an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the skin and muscles?

    <p>Dermatomyositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of lupus affecting multiple organ systems?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification refers to early congenital syphilis?

    <p>Syphilis Congenita Precox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average duration of the 3rd Period of acquired syphilis?

    <p>6-7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of syphilis occurs as a result of blood transfusion contamination?

    <p>Syphilis d'Amblee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the chancre in its early stages?

    <p>It is a red-brown, painless papule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a chancre develop over time?

    <p>It rapidly expands and ulcerates in the middle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as Chancre Immunity?

    <p>Resistance to developing new chancres after the first appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the chancre most commonly located in males?

    <p>On the shaft of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs approximately 8-10 days after the appearance of a chancre?

    <p>Regional lymphadenopathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may occur during the second cycle of syphilis?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms, including headache and malaise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphadenopathy is associated with second cycle syphilis?

    <p>Mobile, rubbery nodes that do not stick to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does a chancre typically take to heal without secondary infection?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral complication associated with HIV infection?

    <p>Hairy leukoplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Study difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dental condition is commonly seen as a side effect of the anticonvulsant medication phenytoin?

    <p>Gingival hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a primary concern for a dental practitioner treating a patient with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Neuromuscular blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary neurological symptom of Parkinson's disease that can impact dental care?

    <p>Diminished saliva production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inappropriate medication for a patient with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Procaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are particularly common in individuals with HIV late-stage manifestations?

    <p>Fungal infections like candida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological disorder is characterized by demyelinated plaques in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osteogenesis Imperfecta

    • Avoid pressure during dental surgery
    • Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: soft dentin, brown/purple teeth

    Cleidocranial Dysostosis

    • Multiple supernumerary teeth
    • Multiple impacted teeth
    • Persistent/depressed primary teeth
    • Crown/root malformations
    • Dentigerous cysts

    Osteopetrosis

    • Increased density of skull bones
    • Widened face
    • Superiorly located nose tip
    • Trigeminal/facial neuropathy
    • Osteomyelitis due to tooth extractions/bony fractures

    Marfan Syndrome

    • Cardiovascular system: aortic dilation/aneurysm, aortic dissection, mitral valve prolapse
    • Skeletal system: long arms and legs, tall and thin body type, scoliosis/kyphosis, pectus excavatum/pectus carinatum, long thin fingers, flexible joints, flat feet, crowded teeth
    • Ocular system: severe nearsightedness, dislocated lens of the eye, detached retina, early glaucoma, early cataracts
    • Other: stretch marks, spontaneous pneumothorax, dural ectasia

    Rheumatoid Arthritis

    • Classical deformities: boutonniere and swan neck
    • Subcutaneous nodules on extensor surfaces (e.g., elbows)
    • Anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding from NSAID use
    • Splenomegaly (Felty's syndrome)
    • Lymphatic infiltration: salivary and lacrimal glands (Sjögren's syndrome)
    • Lung involvement (related to disease or therapy)
    • Fibrositis, amyloidosis
    • Cardiovascular: pericarditis, valvulitis, fibrosis
    • Ocular: keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), episcleritis, scleromalacia
    • Neurological: mononuritis multiplex, atlantoaxial subluxation

    Osteoarthritis

    • Use aspirin/corticosteroids with caution
    • Hemorrhagic diatheses
    • Artificial joints: AB prophylaxis

    Gout

    • Oral ulcerations

    Ankylosing Spondylitis

    • 10% TMJ involvement

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

    • Autoimmune disease causing inflammation and tissue damage in various organs
    • Affects joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels

    Dermatomyositis (DM)

    • Long-term inflammatory disorder affecting skin and muscles
    • Skin rash and muscle weakness, sudden onset or gradual development

    Syphilis

    • Acquired and Congenital: first, second, and third stages
    • First Stage (Primary Syphilis): chancre, regional lymphadenopathy
    • Second Stage (Secondary Syphilis): flu-like symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, mucous patches
    • Third Stage (Tertiary Syphilis): neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, gummatous syphilis

    HIV/AIDS

    • Immunodeficiency: vulnerability to bacterial, viral, parasitic infections (e.g., Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Aspergillus, Candida, Coxsackie virus, cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium, Toxoplasma)
    • Kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas, leukemias, carcinomas
    • Symptoms: fever, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, muscle/joint/head/throat pain, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy

    Oral Manifestations of HIV

    • KNUG (Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)
    • Rapidly progressing periodontitis
    • Delayed wound healing
    • Rare oral infections (Kaposi sarcoma, SCC, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral histoplasmosis, oral candidiasis, HSV, Herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus infection, hairy leukoplakia)

    Epilepsy

    • Tonic-clonic contractions, postictal confusion
    • Bumpers to prevent tongue biting during a seizure
    • Protect the airway from saliva
    • Corneal reflex, Babinski reflex positive

    Antiepileptics

    • Carbamazepine (Tegretol): agranulocytosis
    • Diphenylhydantoin (Epanutin): gingival hyperplasia
    • Valproate: dental problems associated with convulsion, drug reactions, gingival hyperplasia, bleeding tendencies, psychiatric reactions

    Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

    • Demyelinated plaques (amyloid) in the central nervous system
    • Affects various sites, neural conduction is depressed
    • Medication: acute (ACTH), chronic (methylprednisolone)
    • Dental signs: paresthesia, anesthesia, trigeminal neuralgia, trismus

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Decreased dopamine release
    • Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia
    • Confusion, dementia
    • Ataxic walking
    • Hypersalivation

    Myasthenia Gravis

    • Acetylcholine inhibition causes neuromuscular blockage
    • Thymoma
    • Young females, males over 50
    • Weakness, chewing and eye muscle weakness
    • Dry mouth, increased caries
    • Prohibited drugs: ester local anesthetics (procaine), tetracycline, clindamycin, lincomycin, aspirin

    Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD)

    • Sudden loss of neurological function
    • Atherosclerosis in carotid and cerebral arteries
    • Paralysis (hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia)
    • Aspirin use

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    Dental Precautions in Muscular and Bony Diseases PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various genetic conditions such as Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Cleidocranial Dysostosis, Osteopetrosis, Marfan Syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. It highlights the implications these conditions have on dental health and treatment considerations. Test your knowledge on the interactions between genetics and oral health.

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