Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis Quiz

The genetic code can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries. It is highly similar among all organisms.

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. A three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.

<p>The canonical or standard genetic code is the scheme often referred to as the genetic code. Variant codes, such as in mitochondria, also exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ribosome links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) and uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time during protein biosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is fundamental to many procedures used in genetic testing and research, including analysis of ancient DNA samples and identification of infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using PCR, copies of very small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is used in medical laboratory research for a broad variety of applications including biomedical research and criminal forensics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kary Mullis invented PCR and Michael Smith developed other essential ways of manipulating DNA. They were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is fundamental to many procedures used in genetic testing and research, allowing for the amplification of very small DNA samples. Examples of its applications include the analysis of ancient DNA samples and the identification of infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using PCR, small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes, involving denaturation, annealing, and extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is a common and indispensable technique used in medical laboratory research for a variety of applications, including biomedical research and criminal forensics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983, and he, along with biochemist Michael Smith, who had developed other essential ways of manipulating DNA, were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for their contributions to PCR and DNA manipulation techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR methods rely on cycles of temperature changes, involving denaturation, annealing, and extension, to exponentially amplify DNA sequences, making it an essential technique in DNA amplification and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is used as a common and often indispensable technique in medical laboratory research for a broad variety of applications including biomedical research and criminal forensics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kary Mullis and biochemist Michael Smith were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for their work related to PCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using PCR, copies of very small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplified in a series of cycles of temperature changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR is fundamental to many of the procedures used in genetic testing and research, including analysis of ancient samples of DNA and identification of infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The majority of PCR methods rely on a series of cycles of temperature changes to amplify DNA sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers