Genetic and Environmental Influence on Behavior

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What is the genetic mechanism that determines the sex of an individual?

The presence of certain alleles in the ovum

The dominant genes expressed in the zygote

The number of chromosomes in the ovum

The type of chromosome provided by the sperm (correct)

If a male provides a Y chromosome during fertilization, what will be the result?

XX pairing

XY pairing (correct)

ZZ pairing

YY pairing

What is the genotype of a female offspring?

XX (correct)

ZZ

YY

XY

Which statement accurately describes the phenotype of a male child?

Has an XY genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for different forms of a gene inherited from parents for a given trait?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is expressed when two competing traits are present?

Dominant trait Signup and view all the answers

What does the phenotype of an organism refer to?

The observable trait actually seen in an organism Signup and view all the answers

What kind of approach involves studying unrelated people with different genetic backgrounds but similar environmental backgrounds?

Adoption study approach Signup and view all the answers

In adoption studies, if similarities in children's characteristics can be attributed to environmental influences, what does this suggest?

Minimal impact of genetics Signup and view all the answers

When examining people based on their degree of genetic similarity, what does a high association between biological parents and their children indicate?

Strong genetic influence Signup and view all the answers

If there is a stronger trait association between adoptive parents and their children than between biological parents and their children, what does this suggest?

Stronger environmental influence from adoptive parents Signup and view all the answers

What does the occurrence of a trait at similar levels among genetically similar individuals but at different levels among genetically distant individuals indicate?

Significant genetic influence Signup and view all the answers

In which situation do signs point to the importance of genetics in determining the expression of a trait?

When there is a weak correlation between biological parents and children Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is used to investigate the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining traits?

Family study approach Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inheritance is responsible for the production of a particular trait?

Polygenic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the potential degree of variability in the expression of a trait due to environmental conditions?

Reaction range Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic trait is expressed as a combination of two genes rather than a purely dominant or recessive manner?

Blood type Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who carries a recessive gene but does not express the associated trait?

Carrier Signup and view all the answers

In polygenic inheritance, how many children, out of four, are expected to inherit two dominant genes and not have PKU?

None Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder has been prevalent in the royal families of Europe, as seen in Queen Victoria's descendants?

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

If both parents are carriers for PKU (pP), what percentage of their children are expected to be afflicted with PKU?

~25% Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason intelligence has generated a significant amount of research?

Intelligence is strongly related to success in scholastic endeavors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the influence of heredity on physical characteristics like blood pressure and respiration rates?

Closely related individuals tend to have more similar blood pressure and respiration rates. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what can be said about the effect of genetics on obesity?

Obesity has a strong genetic component. Signup and view all the answers

In the study with identical twins on high-calorie diets, what did the results show?

Some twins gained almost 3 times as much weight as others. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes human intelligence from that of other species according to the text?

Intelligence is a central characteristic that differentiates humans. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of height, what is the trend observed between parents and their children discussed in the text?

Short parents have tall children. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of weight gain in identical twins was highlighted in the study mentioned in the text?

Different pairs of twins varied substantially in weight gain. Signup and view all the answers

How does the information presented suggest that environment influences traits like obesity?

Environmental factors can interact with genetics to influence obesity. Signup and view all the answers

What role do genetics play in determining physical characteristics like blood pressure and respiration rates?

Physical characteristics are influenced by both genetics and environment. Signup and view all the answers