Genetic and Environmental Influence on Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What is the genetic mechanism that determines the sex of an individual?

  • The presence of certain alleles in the ovum
  • The dominant genes expressed in the zygote
  • The number of chromosomes in the ovum
  • The type of chromosome provided by the sperm (correct)
  • If a male provides a Y chromosome during fertilization, what will be the result?

  • XX pairing
  • XY pairing (correct)
  • ZZ pairing
  • YY pairing
  • What is the genotype of a female offspring?

  • XX (correct)
  • ZZ
  • YY
  • XY
  • Which statement accurately describes the phenotype of a male child?

    <p>Has an XY genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for different forms of a gene inherited from parents for a given trait?

    <p>Heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is expressed when two competing traits are present?

    <p>Dominant trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phenotype of an organism refer to?

    <p>The observable trait actually seen in an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of approach involves studying unrelated people with different genetic backgrounds but similar environmental backgrounds?

    <p>Adoption study approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adoption studies, if similarities in children's characteristics can be attributed to environmental influences, what does this suggest?

    <p>Minimal impact of genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining people based on their degree of genetic similarity, what does a high association between biological parents and their children indicate?

    <p>Strong genetic influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If there is a stronger trait association between adoptive parents and their children than between biological parents and their children, what does this suggest?

    <p>Stronger environmental influence from adoptive parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the occurrence of a trait at similar levels among genetically similar individuals but at different levels among genetically distant individuals indicate?

    <p>Significant genetic influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation do signs point to the importance of genetics in determining the expression of a trait?

    <p>When there is a weak correlation between biological parents and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is used to investigate the relative importance of genetics and environment in determining traits?

    <p>Family study approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inheritance is responsible for the production of a particular trait?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the potential degree of variability in the expression of a trait due to environmental conditions?

    <p>Reaction range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic trait is expressed as a combination of two genes rather than a purely dominant or recessive manner?

    <p>Blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a person who carries a recessive gene but does not express the associated trait?

    <p>Carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In polygenic inheritance, how many children, out of four, are expected to inherit two dominant genes and not have PKU?

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic disorder has been prevalent in the royal families of Europe, as seen in Queen Victoria's descendants?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If both parents are carriers for PKU (pP), what percentage of their children are expected to be afflicted with PKU?

    <p>~25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason intelligence has generated a significant amount of research?

    <p>Intelligence is strongly related to success in scholastic endeavors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the influence of heredity on physical characteristics like blood pressure and respiration rates?

    <p>Closely related individuals tend to have more similar blood pressure and respiration rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what can be said about the effect of genetics on obesity?

    <p>Obesity has a strong genetic component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study with identical twins on high-calorie diets, what did the results show?

    <p>Some twins gained almost 3 times as much weight as others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes human intelligence from that of other species according to the text?

    <p>Intelligence is a central characteristic that differentiates humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of height, what is the trend observed between parents and their children discussed in the text?

    <p>Short parents have tall children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of weight gain in identical twins was highlighted in the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>Different pairs of twins varied substantially in weight gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the information presented suggest that environment influences traits like obesity?

    <p>Environmental factors can interact with genetics to influence obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genetics play in determining physical characteristics like blood pressure and respiration rates?

    <p>Physical characteristics are influenced by both genetics and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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