Genes and Cellular Function Chapter 4 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the working definition of a gene?

A gene is the structure of DNA and its function (correct)

A gene is the process of assembling amino acids to form a protein

A gene is the human genome and its relationship to health sciences

A gene is a type of RNA with structural and functional differences

How does DNA indirectly regulate the synthesis of nonprotein molecules?

By controlling the process of protein synthesis (correct)

By controlling the replication errors in DNA

By turning off the gene responsible for nonprotein molecule synthesis

By directly coding for nonprotein molecules

What is the main function of RNA?

To regulate gene expression by turning genes on or off

To organize the chromosomes with proteins

To replicate DNA during cell division

To directly code for protein structure like DNA (correct)

What does the human genome refer to?

The entire collection of genes in an individual Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the amino acid sequence of a protein has been synthesized?

The protein undergoes further modifications and folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential function of DNA?

To carry instructions for the synthesis of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What does a single nucleotide consist of?

One sugar, one phosphate group, and one nitrogenous base Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of complementary base pairing in DNA?

The base sequence on one strand of DNA determines the base sequence of the other Signup and view all the answers

What replaces Thymine in RNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

Fine filamentous DNA material complexed with proteins called histones Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for providing structural support and maintaining the cell's shape?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

Digestion of cellular waste and foreign materials Signup and view all the answers

How do cell inclusions differ from organelles?

Organelles are membrane-bound structures, while cell inclusions are not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of human cells?

1-10 micrometers in diameter Signup and view all the answers

What does a selectively permeable membrane mean?

It allows only certain substances to pass through Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli, cilia, and flagella?

Cell movement and sensory functions Signup and view all the answers

What are the major components of a cell?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What do osmolarity and tonicity refer to?

Water balance and solute concentration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gene and DNA Regulation

A gene is a segment of DNA that carries information needed to synthesize a functional product, such as a protein.
DNA indirectly regulates the synthesis of nonprotein molecules, such as lipids and carbohydrates, by controlling the production of enzymes that catalyze their synthesis.

RNA Function and Genome

The main function of RNA is to act as a messenger between DNA and the ribosome, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
The human genome refers to the complete set of genetic information encoded in an individual's DNA, consisting of more than 3 billion base pairs.

Protein Synthesis and Processing

After the amino acid sequence of a protein has been synthesized, the protein undergoes post-translational modifications, such as folding, modification, and targeting to its final destination within or outside the cell.

DNA Structure and Function

The essential function of DNA is to store genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next.
A single nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
The law of complementary base pairing in DNA states that adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C).

RNA Structure

In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as one of the four nitrogenous bases.

Cellular Organization

Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
The ribosome is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins in a cell.
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and modifying proteins and lipids synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum, and packaging them for transport to other parts of the cell.
The cell membrane provides structural support and maintains the cell's shape, and is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while keeping others out.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles responsible for cellular digestion and recycling of cellular waste and foreign substances.
Cell inclusions are storage structures that differ from organelles in that they are not bound by a membrane and are not metabolically active.
Human cells range in size from 5-30 micrometers in diameter.
Osmolarity refers to the concentration of solutes in a solution, while tonicity refers to the ability of a solution to cause a cell to swell or shrink.
Microvilli, cilia, and flagella are cell surface structures involved in sensory reception, movement, and cell signaling.

Cellular Components

The major components of a cell include the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

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Description

Test your knowledge about DNA structure and its function, and the relationship between DNA and protein. This quiz is based on the learning objectives and expected outcomes for Chapter 4 of BSC2085 Anatomy & Physiology I at Broward College.