General Zoology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of ornithology?

Study of birds (correct)

Study of insects

Study of reptiles

Study of mammals

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy in the system of classification?

Class > Phylum > Domain

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum (correct)

Order > Family > Class

Species > Genus > Order

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major categories of biological macromolecules?

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Electrolytes (correct)

Carbohydrates

What defines growth in living organisms?

Increase in mass Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms primarily respond to environmental changes?

By reacting to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for organisms to survive and grow?

Nourishment in various forms Signup and view all the answers

What defines a unicellular organism?

Organism made up of one cell Signup and view all the answers

What does chemical uniqueness in organisms refer to?

The unique composition of macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

What is one fundamental property of life that ensures a species continues to exist?

Organisms reproduce Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows organisms to respond to their environment and sustain existence?

Energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with perfecting the simple microscope and discovering bacteria?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Brown observe in cells that contributed to our understanding of cell structure?

Cells have a central nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What did Felix Dujardin discover about cells in 1835?

Cells contain protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Why is energy expenditure essential for organisms?

It powers cellular activities and sustains life functions Signup and view all the answers

Which term did Johannes Purkinje use to refer to the substances within cells?

Protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of organisms evolving over time?

It enhances survival and reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

To package and mark proteins for different destinations. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is primarily involved in cellular respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

How do lysosomes contribute to cellular digestion?

They contain enzymes that digest organic molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of vacuoles in plant cells?

They are more prominent and involved in water storage. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the mitochondria increases the surface area for reactions?

Cristae Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells and may burst. Signup and view all the answers

What is the semifluid material found within the nucleus called?

Nucleoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes active transport?

It involves a protein carrier and ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a cell membrane contributes to making it less permeable to water-soluble substances?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phagocytosis?

To engulf and ingest solid particles. Signup and view all the answers

What is TRUE about peripheral proteins in cell membranes?

They are attached to the membrane surface. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during exocytosis?

Vesicles fuse with the membrane to release contents outside. Signup and view all the answers

What is known as protoplasm?

The combined content of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What structure acts as a molecular 'fingerprint' for cell recognition and interaction?

Glycocalyx Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for regulating movement of materials in and out of the cell?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the nucleus in a cell?

It is the control center of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of phospholipids contributes to the formation of the cell membrane's bilayer structure?

Hydrophobic tails face inward. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cytoplasm?

It is gelatinous and includes various molecules dissolved in water. Signup and view all the answers

What component of the cytoplasm is the semifluid portion where organelles are suspended?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Pinocytosis can be described as which of the following?

The ingestion of fluids by forming an inward membrane sheath. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Regulating cell division Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ornithology and Protozoology

Ornithology is the study of birds.
Protozoology is the study of protozoa.

System of Classification

Binomial nomenclature uses two-part scientific names (e.g., Perissodus microlepis).
Hierarchical classification ranks organisms as Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.

Fundamental Properties of Life

Organisms exhibit chemical uniqueness and are composed of four major macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
All living organisms are made up of cells: unicellular organisms (e.g., amoeba) versus multicellular organisms (e.g., humans).
Organisms respond to internal and external stimuli.
Growth is defined as an increase in mass; it requires the intake of substances from the environment.
Nourishment is crucial for survival, growth, and development, coming from food, sunlight, or nutrients.
Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species, involving the transmission of genetic material.
Energy is expended by organisms to carry out vital processes (movement, growth, reproduction, maintaining homeostasis).
Excretion of wastes and toxins is a necessary life function.
Organisms evolve over time through genetic adaptations for survival.

History of the Microscope

Robert Hooke (1665) improved the compound microscope and named cells after observing cork.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek perfected the simple microscope and discovered bacteria and protozoa, termed "animalcules."
Robert Brown (1831) discovered the nucleus in cells.
Felix Dujardin (1835) revealed that cells contain thick fluid.
Johannes Purkinje (1839) introduced the term "protoplasm" for cell contents.

Eukaryotic Cells

Three basic parts of eukaryotic cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
Cytoplasm is a semifluid portion outside the nucleus containing organelles.

Cell Membranes: Structure

Phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Cholesterol within the membrane enhances stability and reduces permeability for water-soluble substances.
Membrane proteins include peripheral proteins (surface-attached) and intrinsic proteins (embedded within the membrane).
Glycocalyx, formed by glycoproteins and glycolipids, serves as a molecular "fingerprint" for cell recognition.

Cell Membranes: Functions

Cell membranes regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
They separate the cell's interior from the external environment.

Types of Solutions

Hypotonic solution: lower solute concentration outside the cell prompts water to move in, potentially causing the cell to swell or burst.

Transport Mechanisms

Active transport requires a protein carrier and energy (ATP), moving molecules from lower to higher concentrations.
Bulk transport includes:
- Endocytosis: engulfing particles and molecules.
- Phagocytosis: ingestion of solid particles.
- Pinocytosis: ingestion of fluids.
- Exocytosis: secretion of substances via vesicles merging with the membrane.

Cytoplasm, Organelles, and Cellular Components

Cytoplasm is the gelatinous content within the cell membrane, comprising molecules and organelles.
Nucleus serves as the cell's control center, housing nucleoplasm and orchestrating protein modification and transport.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down organic molecules.
Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy conversion.
Vacuoles in plant and animal cells store water, food, and waste; they play significant roles in plant cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of animals, including the study of birds and protozoa. This quiz covers binomial nomenclature and the hierarchy of classification in zoology. Perfect for students in the Natural Sciences Department.