General Zoology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of ornithology?

  • Study of birds (correct)
  • Study of insects
  • Study of reptiles
  • Study of mammals

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy in the system of classification?

  • Class > Phylum > Domain
  • Domain > Kingdom > Phylum (correct)
  • Order > Family > Class
  • Species > Genus > Order

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major categories of biological macromolecules?

  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Electrolytes (correct)
  • Carbohydrates

What defines growth in living organisms?

<p>Increase in mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms primarily respond to environmental changes?

<p>By reacting to stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for organisms to survive and grow?

<p>Nourishment in various forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a unicellular organism?

<p>Organism made up of one cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chemical uniqueness in organisms refer to?

<p>The unique composition of macromolecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one fundamental property of life that ensures a species continues to exist?

<p>Organisms reproduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows organisms to respond to their environment and sustain existence?

<p>Energy expenditure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with perfecting the simple microscope and discovering bacteria?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Brown observe in cells that contributed to our understanding of cell structure?

<p>Cells have a central nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Felix Dujardin discover about cells in 1835?

<p>Cells contain protoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is energy expenditure essential for organisms?

<p>It powers cellular activities and sustains life functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term did Johannes Purkinje use to refer to the substances within cells?

<p>Protoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of organisms evolving over time?

<p>It enhances survival and reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>To package and mark proteins for different destinations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is primarily involved in cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lysosomes contribute to cellular digestion?

<p>They contain enzymes that digest organic molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of vacuoles in plant cells?

<p>They are more prominent and involved in water storage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the mitochondria increases the surface area for reactions?

<p>Cristae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell swells and may burst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the semifluid material found within the nucleus called?

<p>Nucleoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes active transport?

<p>It involves a protein carrier and ATP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a cell membrane contributes to making it less permeable to water-soluble substances?

<p>Cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phagocytosis?

<p>To engulf and ingest solid particles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is TRUE about peripheral proteins in cell membranes?

<p>They are attached to the membrane surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during exocytosis?

<p>Vesicles fuse with the membrane to release contents outside. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is known as protoplasm?

<p>The combined content of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure acts as a molecular 'fingerprint' for cell recognition and interaction?

<p>Glycocalyx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for regulating movement of materials in and out of the cell?

<p>Cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the nucleus in a cell?

<p>It is the control center of the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of phospholipids contributes to the formation of the cell membrane's bilayer structure?

<p>Hydrophobic tails face inward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cytoplasm?

<p>It is gelatinous and includes various molecules dissolved in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of the cytoplasm is the semifluid portion where organelles are suspended?

<p>Cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pinocytosis can be described as which of the following?

<p>The ingestion of fluids by forming an inward membrane sheath. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

<p>Regulating cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is ornithology?

The study of birds.

What is protozoology?

The study of single-celled eukaryotic organisms.

What is binomial nomenclature?

A two-part naming system used to classify organisms, consisting of the genus and species names.

Describe the system of hierarchical classification.

A hierarchical system that categorizes organisms based on shared characteristics.

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What are the four major macromolecules found in living organisms?

The four macromolecules that form the basis of all living organisms: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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Define unicellular organisms.

Organisms that consist of a single cell, such as bacteria and amoebas.

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Define multicellular organisms.

Organisms composed of multiple cells, with specialized functions and coordinated activities, such as humans and plants.

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What is the concept of responsiveness in living organisms?

The ability of organisms to respond to changes in their internal or external environment.

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Explain the concept of growth in living organisms.

An increase in size or mass of an organism, often involving the uptake of materials from the environment.

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What is nourishment in living organisms?

The process by which organisms obtain nutrients for survival, growth, and development.

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Define the concept of reproduction in living organisms.

The process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species.

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What is the concept of energy expenditure in living organisms?

The use of energy by living organisms to carry out essential life processes, such as movement, growth, and reproduction.

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What is excretion in living organisms?

The process by which organisms eliminate waste products and toxins from their bodies.

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Explain the concept of evolution in living organisms.

The gradual change in the genetic makeup of a population over time, driven by natural selection and adaptation.

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Who was Robert Hooke and what was his contribution?

An English scientist who improved the compound microscope and named cells after observing cork.

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Who was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and what was his contribution?

A Dutch scientist who perfected the simple microscope, discovering bacteria and protozoa.

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Who was Robert Brown and what was his contribution?

A Scottish botanist who discovered the nucleus in cells.

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Who was Felix Dujardin and what was his contribution?

A French biologist who revealed that cells contain a thick fluid.

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Who was Johannes Purkinje and what was his contribution?

A Czech physiologist who introduced the term 'protoplasm' to describe the cell's contents.

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What is the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

The central part of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material (DNA).

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What is cytoplasm?

The jelly-like substance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing various organelles.

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What is the cell membrane?

The outer boundary of a cell, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

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What is the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

A double layer of phospholipids that forms the basis of the cell membrane.

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What is cholesterol's role in cell membranes?

A type of lipid that enhances the stability of the cell membrane and reduces permeability.

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What are intrinsic proteins in cell membranes?

Proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane, providing structural support and facilitating transport.

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What are peripheral proteins in cell membranes?

Proteins that are loosely attached to the surface of the cell membrane, involved in various functions.

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What is the glycocalyx in cell membranes?

A layer of carbohydrates attached to the cell membrane, serving as a molecular identifier for cell recognition.

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What is passive transport in cell membranes?

The movement of substances across the cell membrane without the expenditure of energy.

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What is active transport in cell membranes?

The movement of substances across the cell membrane, requiring a protein carrier and energy.

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What is endocytosis?

The process by which cells engulf particles and molecules from the external environment.

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What is phagocytosis?

The engulfment of solid particles by cells, such as bacteria or food debris.

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What is pinocytosis?

The engulfment of fluids by cells.

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What is exocytosis?

The process by which cells release substances from their interior into the external environment.

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What are lysosomes?

Membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes for breaking down organic molecules.

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What are mitochondria?

Double-membrane-bound organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

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What are vacuoles?

Large, fluid-filled sacs found in plant and animal cells, primarily involved in storage.

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Study Notes

Ornithology and Protozoology

  • Ornithology is the study of birds.
  • Protozoology is the study of protozoa.

System of Classification

  • Binomial nomenclature uses two-part scientific names (e.g., Perissodus microlepis).
  • Hierarchical classification ranks organisms as Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.

Fundamental Properties of Life

  • Organisms exhibit chemical uniqueness and are composed of four major macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • All living organisms are made up of cells: unicellular organisms (e.g., amoeba) versus multicellular organisms (e.g., humans).
  • Organisms respond to internal and external stimuli.
  • Growth is defined as an increase in mass; it requires the intake of substances from the environment.
  • Nourishment is crucial for survival, growth, and development, coming from food, sunlight, or nutrients.
  • Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species, involving the transmission of genetic material.
  • Energy is expended by organisms to carry out vital processes (movement, growth, reproduction, maintaining homeostasis).
  • Excretion of wastes and toxins is a necessary life function.
  • Organisms evolve over time through genetic adaptations for survival.

History of the Microscope

  • Robert Hooke (1665) improved the compound microscope and named cells after observing cork.
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek perfected the simple microscope and discovered bacteria and protozoa, termed "animalcules."
  • Robert Brown (1831) discovered the nucleus in cells.
  • Felix Dujardin (1835) revealed that cells contain thick fluid.
  • Johannes Purkinje (1839) introduced the term "protoplasm" for cell contents.

Eukaryotic Cells

  • Three basic parts of eukaryotic cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
  • Cytoplasm is a semifluid portion outside the nucleus containing organelles.

Cell Membranes: Structure

  • Phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
  • Cholesterol within the membrane enhances stability and reduces permeability for water-soluble substances.
  • Membrane proteins include peripheral proteins (surface-attached) and intrinsic proteins (embedded within the membrane).
  • Glycocalyx, formed by glycoproteins and glycolipids, serves as a molecular "fingerprint" for cell recognition.

Cell Membranes: Functions

  • Cell membranes regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
  • They separate the cell's interior from the external environment.

Types of Solutions

  • Hypotonic solution: lower solute concentration outside the cell prompts water to move in, potentially causing the cell to swell or burst.

Transport Mechanisms

  • Active transport requires a protein carrier and energy (ATP), moving molecules from lower to higher concentrations.
  • Bulk transport includes:
    • Endocytosis: engulfing particles and molecules.
    • Phagocytosis: ingestion of solid particles.
    • Pinocytosis: ingestion of fluids.
    • Exocytosis: secretion of substances via vesicles merging with the membrane.

Cytoplasm, Organelles, and Cellular Components

  • Cytoplasm is the gelatinous content within the cell membrane, comprising molecules and organelles.
  • Nucleus serves as the cell's control center, housing nucleoplasm and orchestrating protein modification and transport.
  • Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down organic molecules.
  • Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy conversion.
  • Vacuoles in plant and animal cells store water, food, and waste; they play significant roles in plant cells.

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Test your knowledge on the classification of animals, including the study of birds and protozoa. This quiz covers binomial nomenclature and the hierarchy of classification in zoology. Perfect for students in the Natural Sciences Department.

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