10 Questions
What is the term for superficial defects less than 5mm in diameter and less than 1mm in depth involving only the mucosa?
Erosion
What is the basic pathogenesis of ulcer formation?
Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa
What is a characteristic of an ulcer?
Defect that progresses beyond the muscularis mucosa
What is an example of an aggressive factor that attacks the mucosa?
Bile salts
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to ulcer formation?
Increased production of stomach acid inhibitors
What is the term for the layer of the stomach that is affected in an ulcer?
Muscularis propria
What is the term for the process of repairing and protecting the mucosa?
Protective/repairing factor
What is an example of a ulcerogenic drug?
Not specified in the text
What is the term for the stomach lining?
Gastroduodenal mucosa
What is the result of an altered balance between aggressive and protective/repairing factors?
Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa
Study Notes
Hiccups
- Transmission route: Fecal-oral and oral-oral
- Symptoms: Unpleasantness and bitterness in the mouth, aerophagia (belching), fullness in the epigastrium, feeling of hunger, irritability, boredom, headache, and rusty tongue
Stomach and Duodenum Diseases
Duodenal Ulcer
- Pain occurs 45-60 minutes after a meal
- Pain relieves with food, antacids, or vomiting within 5-30 minutes
- HP Prevalence: 80-90%
Gastric Ulcer
- HP Prevalence: 60-70%
- Clinical findings are more severe than duodenal ulcer
Marginal Ulcer (Jejunal Ulcer)
- Occurs in 15-20% of cases after simple gastrectomy
- Occurs in 2% of cases after subtotal gastrectomy
Esophagus Diseases
Esophagus Diverticules
- Symptoms: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odinophagia (pain as a result of swallowing)
Esophagus Cancer
- Symptoms: Solid-liquid food intake becomes difficult, weight loss increases, regurgitation (return of fluid or food without nausea)
- Symptoms: Pyrosis (burning), pain, vomiting, bleeding, weight loss, halitosis (bad breath), sialorrhea (salivation due to reflexively increased salivation)
Esophagitis
- Etiological factors: Viral infections, oral intake of irritating agents, and extended gastric discharge
- Pathophysiological factors: Abdominal pressure, hiatus hernia
- Treatment approaches: Behaviour change, nutrition treatment, and prohibition of big quantity meals, alcohol, and tight clothes
Gastroesophageal Reflux
- Nutritional therapy: Avoid excessive and high-fat meals, coffee, fruit juices (acidic), chocolate, wine, and alcoholic drinks
- General suggestions: Avoid eating before bedtime, maintain a normal body weight, and eat at least three regular meals a day
Stomach Diseases and Medical Nutrition Treatments
Peptic Ulcer
- Histological definition: Superficial defects less than 5mm in diameter and less than 1mm in depth involving only the mucosa
- Formation: Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa due to an altered balance between aggressive and protective/repairing factors
- Risk factors: Increased acidity and secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, bile salts, alcohol, and ulcerogenic drugs
Identify the general symptoms of diseases in this quiz. Test your knowledge of medicine and healthcare.
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