General Symptoms of Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for superficial defects less than 5mm in diameter and less than 1mm in depth involving only the mucosa?

  • Gastroduodenal defect
  • Erosion (correct)
  • Ulcer
  • Mucosal injury
  • What is the basic pathogenesis of ulcer formation?

  • Inflammation of the stomach lining
  • Overproduction of stomach acid
  • Disruption of the integrity of the pancreas
  • Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa (correct)
  • What is a characteristic of an ulcer?

  • Increased acidity and secretion of gastric acid
  • Defect only in the mucosa
  • Defect that progresses beyond the muscularis mucosa (correct)
  • Overproduction of pepsin
  • What is an example of an aggressive factor that attacks the mucosa?

    <p>Bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to ulcer formation?

    <p>Increased production of stomach acid inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of the stomach that is affected in an ulcer?

    <p>Muscularis propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of repairing and protecting the mucosa?

    <p>Protective/repairing factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a ulcerogenic drug?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stomach lining?

    <p>Gastroduodenal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an altered balance between aggressive and protective/repairing factors?

    <p>Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hiccups

    • Transmission route: Fecal-oral and oral-oral
    • Symptoms: Unpleasantness and bitterness in the mouth, aerophagia (belching), fullness in the epigastrium, feeling of hunger, irritability, boredom, headache, and rusty tongue

    Stomach and Duodenum Diseases

    Duodenal Ulcer

    • Pain occurs 45-60 minutes after a meal
    • Pain relieves with food, antacids, or vomiting within 5-30 minutes
    • HP Prevalence: 80-90%

    Gastric Ulcer

    • HP Prevalence: 60-70%
    • Clinical findings are more severe than duodenal ulcer

    Marginal Ulcer (Jejunal Ulcer)

    • Occurs in 15-20% of cases after simple gastrectomy
    • Occurs in 2% of cases after subtotal gastrectomy

    Esophagus Diseases

    Esophagus Diverticules

    • Symptoms: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odinophagia (pain as a result of swallowing)

    Esophagus Cancer

    • Symptoms: Solid-liquid food intake becomes difficult, weight loss increases, regurgitation (return of fluid or food without nausea)
    • Symptoms: Pyrosis (burning), pain, vomiting, bleeding, weight loss, halitosis (bad breath), sialorrhea (salivation due to reflexively increased salivation)

    Esophagitis

    • Etiological factors: Viral infections, oral intake of irritating agents, and extended gastric discharge
    • Pathophysiological factors: Abdominal pressure, hiatus hernia
    • Treatment approaches: Behaviour change, nutrition treatment, and prohibition of big quantity meals, alcohol, and tight clothes

    Gastroesophageal Reflux

    • Nutritional therapy: Avoid excessive and high-fat meals, coffee, fruit juices (acidic), chocolate, wine, and alcoholic drinks
    • General suggestions: Avoid eating before bedtime, maintain a normal body weight, and eat at least three regular meals a day

    Stomach Diseases and Medical Nutrition Treatments

    Peptic Ulcer

    • Histological definition: Superficial defects less than 5mm in diameter and less than 1mm in depth involving only the mucosa
    • Formation: Disruption of the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosa due to an altered balance between aggressive and protective/repairing factors
    • Risk factors: Increased acidity and secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, bile salts, alcohol, and ulcerogenic drugs

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    Description

    Identify the general symptoms of diseases in this quiz. Test your knowledge of medicine and healthcare.

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