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Questions and Answers
What do the bubbles in contrast media look like in a cholangiogram?
Stones
What is a thyroid tenaculum?
Layhey clamp
What is male breast enlargement called?
Gynecomastia
What abdominal organ is a Whipple procedure done on?
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Tetney is a complication for which procedure?
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What life-threatening disease can result from thyrotoxicosis?
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Which anatomical structure is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue?
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Mahoney dilators are used in the?
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What are the three regions of the pancreas?
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What is the Triangle of Calot and during what surgery is it dissected?
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What is it called when insufflation of CO2 goes into the abdominal cavity?
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Where is the gallbladder located in relation to the liver?
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What is the open appendectomy incision called?
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What incision would the Linea Alba be opened to the peritoneum?
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When suturing the appendiceal stump, what is the suture technique called?
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What is the most frequent hernia in females?
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What is the term for a procedure going into the abdomen?
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If preserving the long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves during surgery, what is the procedure called?
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Where are the parathyroid glands located in relation to the thyroid?
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What do the parathyroid glands regulate?
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What does 'cephalad to caudad' refer to?
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What is a handheld retractor used during a thyroidectomy?
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What type of hernia protrudes through the transverse versus fascia?
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What is the type of hernia where both direct and indirect are present?
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What type of hernia results from failure of the deep internal ring to close during fetal development and protrudes into the scrotum?
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What is the name of a gastric mass of indigestible vegetable fiber and hair that can require surgical intervention?
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What do 'end to end,' 'side to side,' and 'end to side' represent?
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What does 'lap appy' refer to?
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What can be used to dissect the appendix?
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Which hernia repair can a Penrose drain be used for?
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Which statement is correct regarding polyps and diverticulum in the colon?
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What is the most common permanent colostomy?
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An intestinal stoma is created below the costal margin, above the beltline, and lateral to which muscle?
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What position is used for anal rectal procedures?
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The hepatic and splenic flexures are located proximal and distal to what part of the large intestine?
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What does bowel technique refer to?
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What viewing instrument is used for hemorrhoids?
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What type of suture needle is used for the liver?
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What incision is used for an open cholecystectomy?
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What retractor is used for an open cholecystectomy to elevate the liver?
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Why do we inject saline through the cholangiogram catheter before the contrast media?
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What is the endocrine secreting gland of the pancreas that makes up only 1 percent of the organ?
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If a T-tube or wound drain is left after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, where would it come out of?
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What is pancreaticoduodenectomy more commonly known as?
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Where is the needle localization performed?
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What is the first node in the axillary chain?
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What is it called when removing the entire breast without any lymph nodes?
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What is the irrigation fluid commonly used for breast biopsy or mastectomy surgeries?
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If a mastectomy is scheduled following a breast biopsy and frozen sections indicate carcinoma, what do we do?
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What do bifurcated drains and fluffy pressure dressings help to prevent after a mastectomy?
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Can we hold a camera during a minimally invasive surgery?
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A laparoscopic procedure can be converted to an open procedure?
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Should skin preps be performed vigorously on breast procedures?
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Does the Hassan technique require a Verres needle?
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What is the function of the mesentery?
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What are the functions of the omentum?
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What are the functions of the small intestine?
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What are the functions of the large intestine?
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What is the movement of food through the intestine with muscles called?
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What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
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What are the organs of the alimentary canal?
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What is the function of the pharynx?
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What is the primary function of the mouth?
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What is the function of the esophagus?
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What does the stomach secrete for digestion?
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What is the role of the small intestine?
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What are the components of the large intestine?
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What is the rectum's function?
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What is the function of the anus?
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Study Notes
General Surgery Exam Review
- Cholangiogram Appearance: Bubbles in contrast media resemble stones.
- Thyroid Tenaculum: Also known as Layhey clamp, utilized in thyroid surgeries.
- Male Breast Enlargement: Condition known as gynecomastia.
- Whipple Procedure: Surgical procedure performed on the pancreas.
- Tetney Complication: Associated with thyroidectomy surgeries.
- Thyroidtoxicosis Disease: Graves disease is life-threatening and linked to thyroid issues.
- Lymphatic Tissue: The largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body is the spleen.
- Mahoney Dilators: Used specifically in procedures involving the esophagus.
- Regions of the Pancreas: Divided into three parts: head, body, tail.
- Triangle of Calot: Critical area dissected during a cholecystectomy.
- Insufflation of CO2: Leads to pneumoperitoneum, a key term in abdominal surgeries.
- Gallbladder Location: Positioned on the inferior surface of the liver's right lobe.
- Appendectomy Incision: McBurney's incision is standard for open appendectomy.
- Linea Alba Incision: Median vertical incision opens to the peritoneum.
- Appendiceal Stump Suture Technique: Employs the purse-string technique for closure.
- Common Female Hernia: Femoral hernias are frequent in females.
- Abdominal Entry Procedure: Laparotomy refers to entering the abdomen through surgical incision.
- Modified Radical Mastectomy: Designed to preserve long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves.
- Parathyroid Glands Location: Inferior, superior, and dorsal to the thyroid gland.
- Parathyroid Function: Regulates blood calcium concentration.
- Cephalad to Caudad: Directional term referring from head to tail.
- Green Retractor: A handheld instrument used during thyroidectomy.
- Direct Hernia Type: Occurs through the transverse versus fascia.
- Pantaloon Hernia: Characterized by the presence of both direct and indirect hernias.
- Indirect Hernia: Results from failure of the deep internal ring to close during fetal development.
- Gastric Mass Requirement: A bezoar, consisting of indigestible fibers or hair, may need surgical intervention.
- Anastomosis Types: Includes end-to-end, side-to-side, and end-to-side connections.
- Lap Appy: Informal term for appendectomy.
- Methods for Appendix Dissection: Tools include stapler, endoloop, and intracorporeal suturing instruments.
- Inguinal Hernia Repair: Can involve the use of a Penrose drain for drainage.
- Colon Exam Findings: Polyps protrude inward while diverticula protrude outward.
- Permanent Colostomy Site: Most common colostomy is located at the sigmoid colon.
- Intestinal Stoma Creation: Positioned below the costal margin, above the beltline, and lateral to the rectus abdominus.
- Anal Rectal Procedure Position: The jackknife (kraske) position is utilized for anal procedures.
- Flexures of the Large Intestine: Hepatic and splenic flexures are located proximal and distal to the transverse colon.
- Bowel Technique: Refers to protocols aimed at preventing surgical site infections (SSI).
- Viewing Instrument for Hemorrhoids: An anoscope is used for viewing.
- Suture Needle for Liver Surgery: Blunt needles are used due to the liver's delicate structure.
- Open Cholecystectomy Incision: Usually performed with a right subcostal incision.
- Liver Elevation during Cholecystectomy: A sweetheart/Harrington retractor is utilized.
- Cholangiogram Catheter Patency Check: Saline is injected prior to contrast media to ensure patent status.
- Pancreatic Endocrine Gland: Islets of Langerhans comprise 1% of the pancreas and function in hormone secretion.
- T-Tube/Wound Drain Position Post-Lap Chole: Exits from one of the right ports.
- Pancreaticoduodenectomy Terminology: Commonly referred to as the Whipple procedure.
- Needle Localization Site: Conducted in the breast for identifying lesions.
- Sentinel Node: The first node in the axillary lymph node chain.
- Simple Mastectomy Definition: Involves removal of the entire breast without lymph node excision.
- Irrigation for Breast Procedures: Sterile water is used for irrigation prior to and during surgeries.
- Mastectomy Protocol with Frozen Section Results: Requires reprep, redrape, regown, and use of new instruments if carcinoma is confirmed.
- Post-Mastectomy Management: Bifurcated drains and fluffy pressure dressings prevent hematomas and seromas.
- Camera Use in Minimally Invasive Surgery: It is permissible to hold a camera during such procedures.
- Laparoscopic to Open Procedure Conversion: Possible depending on surgical conditions.
- Breast Procedures Skin Prep: Should be gentle; vigorous preps are not recommended.
- Hassan Technique Requirement: Does not necessitate a Verres needle.
- Mesentery Function: Vascular supply to the intestine and stabilization of intestinal position.
- Omentum Roles: Adipose storage, organ protection, and lubrication of abdominal surfaces.
- Small Intestine Functions: Main site for nutrient digestion and absorption.
- Large Intestine Functions: Absorbs water/electrolytes, transforms food into fecal waste, and produces vitamin K.
- Peristalsis: Refers to muscle movement facilitating food transit through the intestine.
- Two Layers of Peritoneum: Visceral layer covers organs while parietal lines the abdominal cavity.
- Alimentary Canal Organs: Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
- Pharynx Function: Acts as a passageway for food and liquids, involved in surgeries like UPPP.
- Mouth Functions: Responsible for mastication and saliva secretion.
- Esophagus Role: Transports food to the stomach, relevant in esophagectomy.
- Stomach Functions: Secretes hydrochloric acid and mucus for digestion; associated with gastrectomy.
- Small Intestine Anatomy: Comprises duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; involved in digestion and absorption.
- Large Intestine Structure: Includes ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, cecum, and appendix; critical for water absorption and fecal conversion.
- Rectum Function: Serves as a storage site for fecal makeup, linked to procedures like hemorrhoidectomy.
- Anus Functionality: Controls expulsion of solid waste, related to surgical procedures for anal fissures.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 14 of General Surgery. This quiz includes important definitions and terms related to surgical procedures, anatomy, and common complications. Perfect for students preparing for exams in healthcare fields.
