General Surgery Exam Review Flashcards - Chapter 14

Bubbles in contrast media during a cholangiogram, mimicking the appearance of stones.

A specialized surgical clamp used in thyroid surgeries, also known as a Layhey clamp.

Male breast enlargement, a condition affecting men.

A complex surgical procedure involving removal and reconstruction of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, and part of the stomach.

A potential complication of thyroidectomy surgeries, which involves spasms in the vocal cords.

A life-threatening condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, often caused by Graves' disease.

The largest lymphatic organ, vital in filtering blood and storing immune cells.

Instruments used for dilating (widening) the esophagus, often during procedures like esophageal stricture dilation.

The different sections of the pancreas, crucial for understanding surgical procedures involving this organ.

A triangular space near the gallbladder critical for accurate dissection during cholecystectomy.

The introduction of CO2 into the abdominal cavity, creating a space for laparoscopic surgeries.

The location of the gallbladder, nestled on the liver's surface.

A common surgical incision used for open appendectomy, made near the appendix at McBurney's point.

A vertical incision in the midline of the abdomen, used to access the peritoneum and other internal organs.

A suture technique used to close the appendiceal stump after appendectomy, securely tying off the appendix.

Femoral hernias are more common in females, caused by a weakening in the femoral canal.

The general procedure of surgically opening the abdomen, often used in various abdominal surgeries.

A type of breast cancer surgery that aims to remove the breast while preserving nerves crucial for shoulder movement.

The locations of the parathyroid glands, small glands that regulate blood calcium levels.

The primary function of the parathyroid glands, regulating the calcium levels in the blood.

A directional term indicating movement from the head towards the tail of the body.

A handheld retractor used to hold tissues apart during thyroid surgeries.

A type of inguinal hernia that occurs directly through the transverse fascia, a weak spot in the abdominal wall.

A specific type of inguinal hernia where both direct and indirect hernias are present.

An inguinal hernia occurring due to incomplete closure of the deep internal ring during fetal development, allowing tissue to enter the inguinal canal.

A solid mass in the stomach, usually composed of indigestible materials, sometimes requiring surgical removal.

Different ways of connecting or reconnecting the ends of tissues, commonly performed during surgeries.

Slang term for appendectomy, a procedure used to remove the appendix.

Methods used to cut and remove the appendix during laparoscopic appendectomy.

A surgical drain used in inguinal hernia repairs, preventing fluid from accumulating in the surgical site.

Distinctive features of the colon seen on an exam: polyps grow inward, while diverticula bulge outwards.

The most frequent location for a colostomy, where a portion of the colon is brought through the abdominal wall.

The optimal placement for an intestinal stoma, ensuring proper functioning and comfort.

A specific position used for anal procedures, where the patient lies face down with the hips bent.

The bends or curves in the large intestine, important landmarks during surgery.

Strict protocols followed in surgery to prevent infections at the surgical site, crucial for patient safety.

A special instrument used for visual examination of the anus and rectum, often employed in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids.

Blunt needles are preferred for liver surgeries to minimize damage to the delicate liver tissue.

A common incision used for open cholecystectomy, made along the right side of the ribcage.

A specialized retractor used during cholecystectomy to lift the liver and provide better surgical access.

A saline solution is injected into the cholangiogram catheter before contrast to check for blockages and ensure proper function.

Specialized cell clusters in the pancreas, responsible for producing and releasing hormones.

The exit point for the T-tube/wound drain after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Another name for the Whipple procedure, reflecting its complexity and wide scope.

A procedure used to pinpoint the location of a tumor or other lesion in the breast, often guiding biopsies or tumor removal.

The first lymph node in the axillary chain, often used to assess cancer spread.

A surgical procedure for breast cancer, involving the removal of the entire breast without lymph node dissection.

Sterile water is crucial for irrigating the breast during surgical procedures, removing debris and keeping the area clean.

Additional steps required in a mastectomy procedure if a cancer diagnosis is confirmed from a frozen section, ensuring proper removal of the tumor.

Important post-mastectomy management practices, reducing the risk of complications like fluid buildup.

It's acceptable for surgeons to directly hold the camera during minimally invasive procedures, offering better control and visualization.

The possibility of converting from a laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure during surgery, depending on the situation.

Gentle skin preparation is vital for breast surgeries, avoiding harsh treatment that could damage the skin.

The Hassan technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not require the use of a Verres needle, potentially simplifying the procedure.

The mesentery's key functions include supplying blood to the intestines and maintaining its position in the abdomen.

The omentum's multiple roles include fat storage, protecting organs, and lubricating abdominal surfaces.

The small intestine's primary functions are digestion and absorption of nutrients, crucial for the body's energy and growth.

Key functions of the large intestine: water and electrolyte absorption, fecal formation, and vitamin K production.

The rhythmic muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract, essential for digestion.

The two layers of peritoneum, lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs.

The digestive tract, including various organs that process food, from the mouth to the anus.

The pharynx's role as a pathway for food and drinks, also involved in surgeries like UPPP (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty).

The mouth's vital functions: chewing food (mastication) and secreting saliva.

The esophagus' role in carrying food to the stomach, related to esophageal surgeries like esophagectomy.

The stomach's crucial functions: acid secretion for digestion, mucus production for protection, and association with gastrectomy.

Components of the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, vital for digestion and absorption.

Structure of the large intestine: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, cecum, and appendix, critical for water absorption and waste conversion.

The rectum's function as a storage site for feces, linked to procedures like hemorrhoidectomy.

The anus' role in controlling waste expulsion, relevant to surgeries for anal fissures and other issues.