General Study Notes Quiz

Laws created by judges through court decisions over time, ensuring consistency by relying on precedents.

A Babylonian legal text composed between 1755-1750 BC, considered the earliest codified laws. It established consistency in legal procedures and served as a model for future legal codes.

Punishment based on the principle of payback or vengeance, where the wrongdoer suffers a consequence similar to the crime committed.

Compensation given to the victim of a crime, aiming to restore the victim's losses.

The power or authority of a court or other legal body to hear and decide cases.

The area of law that governs the processes and procedures used in legal systems, including courts and police.

A legal system where two opposing sides present their cases to a judge or jury, who then decides the outcome.

A document signed by King John of England in 1215, limiting the power of the Crown and outlining the rights of citizens. It marked a significant step towards constitutional government.

The principle that everyone, regardless of their status, is subject to the same laws and legal processes.

A system of law where the judge plays a more active role in questioning parties and seeking evidence.

The idea that the purpose of punishment is to rehabilitate offenders so they can return to society as law-abiding members.

A legal clause used to determine if a law violates the rights and freedoms protected by the Constitution.

A test used to determine if a law limiting a Charter right is justified.

A landmark Supreme Court case that established a woman's right to abortion in Canada.

A landmark case that recognized former gang members' right to vote, even if they had committed serious crimes.

A provision in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that allows Parliament to override certain Charter rights when enacting laws.

This guarantees Canadians equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability.

This allows Parliament to place reasonable limits on certain rights if those rights could be misused or abused.

This court case established the principle that freedom of speech does not protect hate speech.

This Supreme Court case involved a woman with ALS seeking assisted suicide. The court ruled that while the right to life is protected, this does not always include the right to death.

This act, introduced in 1976, established a point system for potential immigrants to Canada based on their ability to establish themselves in the country.

This Supreme Court case ruled against a store's violation of Lord's Day Act, paving the way for legislation that prohibits discrimination based on religion or belief.

This Supreme Court case established that sexual orientation is a prohibited ground for discrimination under the Charter.

A punishment philosophy aiming to restore justice and fairness to the victim by making the offender responsible for their actions, without seeking vengeance.

A punishment philosophy focused on reducing recidivism and helping offenders become productive members of society through rehabilitation programs.

The idea that punishment should be used to deter future wrongdoing, preventing individuals from engaging in criminal activity.

The tendency for a convicted criminal to re-offend after being released from prison.

Legal agreements between people or companies to purchase or provide goods and services.

Laws that govern the ownership, use, and transfer of physical and intellectual property.

Laws that govern how property is distributed after someone dies, such as through a will.

Ensures that people are not held criminally responsible for events that were beyond their control and impossible to foresee.

The level of caution and care that a reasonable person is expected to take in their actions to avoid harming others.

The legal obligation that everyone has to act responsibly to avoid causing harm to others.

Ensures that private matters are handled confidentially and without undue interference.

Laws that protect the rights of consumers and the general public, ensuring fair business practices and the availability of safe products and services.

A legal system where laws are formally written down and enforced through a process where the judge actively investigates the case.

A legal system based on precedents set by judges' decisions. It features an adversarial method where lawyers present opposing cases to a judge who acts as a referee.

A legal system focused on addressing violations of the Criminal Code and other laws, protecting citizens from harm and enforcing societal rules.

A legal area dealing with the fundamental principles and rights guaranteed by the Constitution, outlining limitations on government power.

A legal area focused on the actions and regulations of government agencies, ensuring accountability and fairness in how the government functions.