General Study Notes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most thermodynamically stable configuration for a phospholipid bilayer?

A spherical shape (correct)

A random, irregular shape

A cylindrical tube

A flat sheet

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

To provide rigidity and stability (correct)

To facilitate the transport of water molecules

To act as a catalyst for membrane protein synthesis

To regulate the movement of lipids within the membrane

Which of the following is NOT a major type of membrane protein?

Nucleic Acids (correct)

Enzymes

Receptors

Transporters/Channels

Which type of enzyme specifically flips lipids from one leaflet of the membrane to the other?

Flippases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of carbohydrates on the cell surface?

Carbohydrates play a crucial role in cell-cell communication and recognition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way that proteins can associate with the lipid bilayer?

Glycosylated (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contribute to membrane assembly?

The ER synthesizes lipids and inserts them into its own membranes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important that phospholipids are amphipathic?

It allows them to interact with both water and oil molecules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinguishing feature of anti-parallel β-strands that makes them stronger than parallel β-strands?

They have more hydrogen bonding. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a globular protein?

High concentration of hydrophobic amino acids on the surface. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a disulfide bond in protein structure?

To stabilize the 3-dimensional structure by covalent linkage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the eukaryotic nucleus?

Ribosomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of protein synthesis within a eukaryotic cell?

The rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which eukaryotic organelle is involved in processing, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

Golgi apparatus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes?

Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in the cell?

Lipid metabolism, detoxification, and calcium storage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way cells maintain osmotic pressure?

Regulating cell volume (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glucose transporter (GLUT)?

Facilitating the movement of glucose into cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the glucose transporter respond to insulin?

It increases glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of pump?

Sodium-potassium pump (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do pumps differ from transporters?

Pumps actively move molecules against their gradient, while transporters can move molecules passively or actively. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

Maintaining the balance of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Ca2+ pump?

Regulating intracellular calcium levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is Bacteriorhodopsin?

A type of light-driven pump (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is most commonly modified by acetylation?

Lysine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modifications does not typically lead to more compact chromatin?

Acetylation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of barrier sequences in the context of chromatin?

To prevent heterochromatin spreading (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a modification that can occur on Lysine?

Phosphorylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is X-inactivation important for female mammals?

To ensure balanced gene expression between males and females (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct effect of gene silencing on the expression of a gene?

It prevents the gene from being transcribed (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these can be considered an example of heterochromatin?

Barr body (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the relationship between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

Euchromatin is transcriptionally active, while heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is responsible for holding the two strands of DNA together?

Hydrogen bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chromosomes?

They are always tightly packed, regardless of the cell's stage. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a karyotype show about an individual's chromosomes?

The number, size, and shape of each chromosome. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Autosomes determine an individual's physical traits, while sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many hydrogen bonds are present in a C-G base pair, and why is this significant?

Three hydrogen bonds, contributing to a stronger bond and more stability. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is gene expression important for cells?

It allows cells to produce proteins and RNA molecules that control cell structure, function, and response to the environment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct outcome of chromosome painting?

Determination of the exact order of genes on a chromosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromosomal translocation, and how can chromosome painting be used to detect it?

A chromosomal translocation is when a chromosome piece breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Chromosome painting can detect it by revealing the distinct color patterns of the chromosomes, highlighting the translocation event. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an α-helix?

It is a highly flexible structure that can easily bend and twist. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between entropy and free energy?

Entropy is a component of free energy, meaning an increase in entropy leads to a decrease in free energy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

To speed up chemical reactions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature common to all amino acids?

A carboxyl group attached to the α-carbon. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an endergonic reaction?

It requires energy input and is non-spontaneous. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis consumes the products of cellular respiration, while cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the R-group in an amino acid?

To determine the amino acid's chemical properties, structure, and function. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes