General Study Notes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  • Transport hormones
  • Transport carbon dioxide
  • Transport oxygen (correct)
  • Maintain body temperature

    • The cardiac cycle includes phases of systole and diastole.

    True

    What happens during ventricular systole?

    The ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.

    In blood plasma, about _____% is water.

    <p>91</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of blood with their functions:

    <p>Plasma = Transport nutrients and waste Red blood cells = Transport oxygen White blood cells = Protection against disease Platelets = Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of coronary heart disease?

    <p>High cholesterol diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Angina is the same as a heart attack.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pH of blood typically ranges from _____ to _____.

    <p>7, 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the direction in which the two strands of DNA run?

    <p>Anti-parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondrial DNA contains histones to help package the DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure that forms when DNA coils around histones?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, _____ and thymine are complementary bases.

    <p>adenine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Nuclear DNA has histones, mtDNA does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their correct definitions:

    <p>Gene = A section of DNA that codes for a protein Genetic code = The order of the nitrogenous bases in DNA Protein synthesis = The process of creating proteins from genes Chromosome = Densely coiled DNA structure during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes does mitochondrial DNA contain?

    <p>37</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood cells and large protein molecules are filtered by the glomerulus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures make up the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus and glomerular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ arteriole has a narrower diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance and maintaining high blood pressure in the glomerulus.

    <p>efferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structures of the nephron with their functions:

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule = Selective reabsorption of water, glucose, and amino acids Loop of Henle = Concentration of urine through water reabsorption Distal convoluted tubule = Fine-tuning of ion and water balance Glomerulus = Filtration of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT selectively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Large proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High blood pressure in the glomerulus is important for the process of glomerular filtration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of selective reabsorption, substances from the filtrate are moved back into the _____ through passive or active mechanisms.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To increase genetic diversity among gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variations refer to the uniform traits found in individuals of the same species.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'variation'.

    <p>Variations are the differences in traits, or phenotype, that occur between individuals of the same species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During anaphase I of meiosis, __________ pairs of chromosomes separate.

    <p>homologous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms related to meiosis with their definitions:

    <p>Chiasma = Point where crossing over occurs Crossing over = Exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes Random assortment = Independent separation of chromosomes during meiosis Genetic diversity = Variability in genetic traits among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is genetic diversity in daughter cells formed via meiosis important?

    <p>It enhances survival and adaptability of the species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how crossing over contributes to the differences between gametes produced by meiosis.

    <p>Crossing over allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of alleles in gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis to ensure that gametes have a diploid set of chromosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes an organism that is heterozygous for a gene?

    <p>Has two different alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An autosomal trait is associated with alleles located on sex chromosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a single-gene disorder?

    <p>A disorder caused by variations or mutations in the DNA sequence of a specific gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trait for Huntington's disease is inherited in an ______ manner.

    <p>autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an autosomal single-gene disorder?

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following traits to their inheritance mode:

    <p>Huntington's disease = Autosomal dominant PKU = Autosomal recessive Hemophilia = X-linked recessive Color blindness = X-linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The persistence of the Huntington's disease allele in the population is due to its recessive nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two symptoms of Huntington's disease.

    <p>Involuntary muscle movements, cognitive decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of FSH and LH during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>To promote the development of ovarian follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An embryo is defined as the developing individual after the second month of pregnancy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a zygote?

    <p>A diploid cell created when a sperm fertilizes an egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stage of development known as the ______ occurs from fertilization to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy.

    <p>embryonic period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the release of oestrogen and progesterone influence the pituitary hormones?

    <p>High levels promote release, while low levels inhibit release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of cleavage results in the formation of the morula, where the cells increase in size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fertilized egg is moved from the Fallopian tube to the uterus through ______ and smooth muscle contractions.

    <p>cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Zygote = Diploid cell formed after fertilization Embryo = Developing stage from fertilization to 8 weeks Foetus = Developing individual after 8 weeks Morula = Early cluster of cells formed by cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

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