General Self-Efficacy and Perception Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of observation research?

Observing participants' behavior in a natural setting (correct)

Conducting experiments with controlled variables

Studying the relationship between cause and effect

Analyzing two sets of variables in a scientific study

How does the text differentiate everyday observations from formal observations?

By focusing on light quality and intensity effects

By being systematic and objective (correct)

By using two sets of variables

By studying people's social inventions

In organizational behavior, what are organizations considered to be?

Equipment and technology holders

Social inventions (correct)

Experimental research subjects

Inventions for individual goals

What is the purpose of experimental research as described in the text?

To conduct studies with a scientific approach using variables (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of trained behavioral scientists in observation research?

To carry out systematic and objective observations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes organization prediction from explanation according to the text?

Evidence-based management and contingency approach (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between General Self-Efficacy and Specific Self-Efficacy?

General Self-Efficacy relates to a broad range of demands, while Specific Self-Efficacy is limited to a particular task. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains the biases in person perception such as primacy and recency effects?

Bruner’s Model of Perceptual Process (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts that can affect social perception in organizations?

Perceiver, Situation, and Target (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a key role in attribution according to the text?

Consistency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the phenomenon where individuals attribute others' behavior to internal factors rather than external factors?

Fundamental Attribution Error (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of perception is especially important for organizational behavior according to the text?

Perceptions of Trust (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences behavior to correspond with attitude?

Direct experience with the target (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to job satisfaction by reflecting identification with an organization?

Affective commitment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of organizational commitment that focuses on the costs of leaving an organization?

Continuance commitment (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not mentioned as a contributor to job satisfaction?

Inadequate compensation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of commitment reflects ideology or feelings of obligation towards an organization?

Normative commitment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does procedural justice focus on in relation to the organization?

Fairness of procedures used (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe our tendency to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failure?

Self-serving bias (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cues reflect how consistently a person engages in a behavior over time?

Consistency cues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What guides our decisions on whether to attribute behavior to dispositional or situational causes, according to research mentioned in the text?

Implicit questions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cues reflect the extent to which a person's behavior is distinctive to one situation?

Distinctiveness cues (B) Signup and view all the answers

In attribution theory, what do consensus cues reflect?

Comparison with others' behavior (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do consistency cues reflect in attribution theory?

Engagement in behavior regularly and consistently (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does social capital refer to in addition to human capital?

Interpersonal relationships and social ties (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does Internal Social Capital specifically refer to?

Relationships within one's own organization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of organizational behavior?

Determining why people are more or less engaged (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is management defined as?

The art of getting things accomplished in organizations through others (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is evidence-based management focused on?

Translating principles based on scientific evidence into organizational practices (C) Signup and view all the answers

What were the two basic phases experts often referred to in prescribing the 'correct' way to manage an organization?

Classical viewpoint and human relations movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Observation Research

The main focus of observation research is to observe and record behavior in a systematic and objective way.
Formal observations differ from everyday observations in that they are systematic, objective, and focused on a specific research question.

Organizational Behavior

Organizations are considered to be social systems that consist of individuals and groups working together to achieve common goals.
The main focus of organizational behavior is to understand and improve individual and group performance within organizations.

Research Methods

Experimental research is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
The purpose of experimental research is to manipulate one variable and measure its effect on another variable.

Trained Behavioral Scientists

Trained behavioral scientists play a crucial role in observation research, as they are able to observe and record behavior systematically and objectively.

Prediction and Explanation

Organization prediction refers to forecasting future behavior or outcomes, while explanation involves understanding why something happens.
Prediction focuses on "what" will happen, whereas explanation focuses on "why" it happens.

Self-Efficacy

General Self-Efficacy refers to a person's confidence in their ability to perform tasks across different situations.
Specific Self-Efficacy refers to a person's confidence in their ability to perform a specific task.

Person Perception

The theory that explains biases in person perception, such as primacy and recency effects, is the Implicit Personality Theory.
The three parts that can affect social perception in organizations are the perceiver, the target, and the situation.

Attribution

The factor that plays a key role in attribution is the perceived cause of behavior.
The term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals attribute others' behavior to internal factors rather than external factors is the Fundamental Attribution Error.

Social perception is especially important in organizational behavior, as it influences how people interact with each other.

Behavior and Attitude

The main factor that influences behavior to correspond with attitude is the degree of consistency between the two.

Job Satisfaction

Identification with an organization contributes to job satisfaction by reflecting a sense of belonging.
A key component of organizational commitment that focuses on the costs of leaving an organization is Continuance Commitment.

Commitment

Affective Commitment reflects ideology or feelings of obligation towards an organization.

Justice

Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of the procedures used to make decisions in an organization.

Attribution Biases

The term used to describe our tendency to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failure is Self-Serving Bias.
Behavioral cues that reflect how consistently a person engages in a behavior over time are Consistency Cues.

Attribution Theory

The cues that guide our decisions on whether to attribute behavior to dispositional or situational causes are Consensus, Distinctiveness, and Consistency Cues.
Consensus cues reflect the extent to which others behave similarly in a situation.
Distinctiveness cues reflect the extent to which a person's behavior is distinctive to one situation.

Social capital refers to the networks, norms, and trust that enable coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
Internal Social Capital specifically refers to the relationships and networks within an organization.

Management

Management is defined as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
Evidence-based management is focused on using scientific research and evidence to make informed decisions.

Prescribing Management

The two basic phases experts often referred to in prescribing the 'correct' way to manage an organization are the "one best way" and the "contingency approach".

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Description

Test your knowledge on General Self-Efficacy, Specific Self-Efficacy, perception, attribution, and diversity. Learn about Social identity theory, Biases in person perception, Bruner’s model of the perceptual process, and more.