General Quiz Overview

A crime involving an attack intended to steal, but not necessarily resulting in a robbery

Having a gun without legal right or authorization

A pretrial hearing to decide if evidence should be excluded from trial

Constitutional rights of a suspect, including the right to remain silent

Allows questioning about public safety, even without Miranda warnings, if an immediate threat exists

Identifying a suspect from a photo

Identifying a suspect in court

The right to a lawyer during criminal proceedings

Fair treatment under the law

Evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court

Allows warrantless search of a car if probable cause exists

A search conducted without a warrant

Circumstances that require immediate action, potentially justifying a warrantless search

Seeking a lawyer in anticipation of future questioning

The formal notification of rights to remain silent and to have a lawyer present

Reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been or is being committed

A court order allowing a search for specific items

Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court

The police must have a reasonable belief that there is an immediate threat to public safety, and the questions asked must be narrowly focused on that public safety concern.

If the photo identification procedure is unnecessarily suggestive, for example, showing the witness a single photo of the suspect or if the witness's memory is unreliable.

Jurors may place too much weight on an in-court identification, and the witness may be influenced by prior exposure to the suspect's photo.

The government cannot use the statements or actions of a defendant obtained during a critical stage of a criminal proceeding without their lawyer present. This protection extends to certain pretrial identifications.

To deter police misconduct and protect constitutional rights by making evidence obtained illegally inadmissible in court.

Police can search a car without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe it contains evidence of a crime.

Immediate danger to life or safety, the potential destruction of evidence, or the suspect's escape.

A warrant must be issued by a neutral magistrate based on probable cause.

If a suspect indicates an intention to seek a lawyer in anticipation of future questioning, the police cannot reinitiate questioning without an attorney present.

Routine booking questions are administrative in nature and do not require Miranda warnings, whereas interrogation involves questioning intended to elicit incriminating information.

A suspect's response to a question about their mental state may be considered testimonial and could violate their Miranda rights if they have not been properly Mirandized.

Mental illness, intoxication, or intellectual disability may affect a suspect's ability to understand their rights and make a knowing and voluntary waiver.

Even if a suspect is initially advised of their rights, they may feel compelled to answer questions later because they believe they have already revealed incriminating information.

In a line-up, several individuals are presented to the witness, while in a show-up, only one individual is shown to the witness.

The Sixth Amendment right to counsel attaches at a critical stage of criminal proceedings, which includes post-charge line-ups.

A photo identification procedure is considered unnecessarily suggestive if it unfairly favors the suspect, potentially leading to a misidentification.

A lineup procedure conducted after a suspect has been formally charged with a crime.

A stage in the criminal justice process where a defendant has a Sixth Amendment right to be represented by an attorney.

Administrative questions asked during the booking process, such as name, date of birth, and address. These are not considered interrogation.

Questioning intended to elicit incriminating information from a suspect. This requires reading Miranda rights.

A knowing, voluntary, and intelligent waiver of Miranda rights.

Even if a suspect is initially advised of their rights, they may feel compelled to answer questions later because they believe they have already revealed incriminating information.

A lineup procedure where several individuals are presented to the witness, who tries to identify the perpetrator.

A lineup procedure where only one individual is presented to the witness, who must decide if that person is the perpetrator.

The police generally need a warrant to enter a person's home. However, there are exceptions like immediate danger or exigent circumstances.

A legal standard that balances the government's interest in enforcing the law against an individual's right to privacy.

Reasonable grounds to believe that evidence of a crime will be found at a particular location.

A warrant that allows officers to search for more than what is reasonably related to the crime being investigated.

Even if a warrant is later found to be flawed, evidence obtained in good faith reliance on the warrant may still be admissible in court.

A pat-down of a person's outer clothing to check for weapons. This is an exception to the warrant requirement.

A lower level of suspicion than probable cause, but still enough to justify a brief detention or investigatory stop.

A drug-detecting dog used by law enforcement to sniff for drugs. A dog's alert can create probable cause for a search.

If an officer observes something illegal in plain view from a lawful location, they can seize it as evidence.

A person's reasonable expectation that their affairs will not be subject to government intrusion.