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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating IQ?

  • Adding mental age and chronological age
  • Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100 (correct)
  • Multiplying mental age by 100
  • Subtracting chronological age from mental age and multiplying by 100

    • In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, what does 'g' represent?

  • General intelligence (correct)
  • Group intelligence
  • Grade intelligence
  • Geographical intelligence

    • What distinguishes fluid intelligence from crystallized intelligence?

  • Crystallized intelligence reflects knowledge as accumulated through experience (correct)
  • Fluid intelligence pertains to knowledge about vocabulary and facts
  • Fluid intelligence is content-specific
  • Crystallized intelligence involves analytical processes

    • How is intelligence typically represented in a normal distribution graph?

    <p>As a bell curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a type of multiple intelligence according to the multiple intelligences theory?

    <p>Emotional intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of specific intelligence according to the multiple intelligences theory?

    <p>It reflects abilities used to solve problems in specialized areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does multiple intelligences theory emphasize about intelligence?

    <p>That intelligence is best viewed as a collection of abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intelligence is exemplified by individuals with Williams syndrome, who may have low traditional IQ scores but excel in music?

    <p>Musical intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is impact bias?

    <p>Overestimating the intensity and duration of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes belief bias?

    <p>Judging conclusions based on personal beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of ill-defined problems?

    <p>Unclear goal states and available operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the heuristic known as 'hill climbing' entail?

    <p>Selecting steps that consistently move towards the goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do experts differ from novices in problem solving?

    <p>Experts are more likely to approach problems systematically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of focalism in decision making?

    <p>Overemphasizing the impact of a single future event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by duration neglect?

    <p>Attending only to the most intense moments of an experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a problem space in problem solving?

    <p>It encompasses all possible states that can be reached while solving a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is convergent thinking characterized by?

    <p>The ability to make connections between distinct ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage follows the incubation stage in Wallas' model of creative thought?

    <p>Illumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does functional fixedness refer to?

    <p>The rigid understanding of an object's function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can problem solving be improved according to the content?

    <p>By encouraging deep structure focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'remote associates test' relate to?

    <p>A way to measure divergent thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can limiting assumptions lead to in problem solving?

    <p>Fewer viable options and solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of hierarchical networks in knowledge representation?

    <p>They minimize redundancy by using a hierarchical structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the verification stage in creative thought?

    <p>Confirming that the new idea leads to a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability to solve problems and gain new knowledge is often categorized under which approach?

    <p>Psychometric approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to decision-making speed when priming is performed with subordinate names?

    <p>It speeds up because of thinking about more specific representations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of non-redundancy imply in knowledge representation?

    <p>Knowledge must be stored without any duplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In parallel distributed processing, how is knowledge represented?

    <p>It is represented across connections between multiple nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of spreading activation in a hierarchical network?

    <p>To allow activation from one node to reach others across links.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding embodied cognition?

    <p>It involves the grounding of knowledge in our experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge representation is characterized by propositions that can be either true or false?

    <p>Propositional network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of having a greater increase in information at the basic level compared to the superordinate level?

    <p>It facilitates the understanding of more specific categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the combination of phonemes that can be used within a language?

    <p>Phonotactic rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of morphemes modify content morphemes?

    <p>Function morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to create new combinations of words from a limited set of fundamental units?

    <p>Generativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of 'poverty of stimulus' refers to which of the following?

    <p>Lack of sufficient linguistic input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) imply about language learning?

    <p>It functions independently of other cognitive skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about syntax is true?

    <p>Syntax refers to the rules governing the structure of phrases and sentences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Chomsky mean by 'universal grammar'?

    <p>The theory that all languages share certain underlying principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical period in language acquisition?

    <p>An optimal time for children to learn language rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of heuristics in decision-making?

    <p>To offer efficient strategies that usually lead to the correct answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the availability heuristic influence judgment?

    <p>It uses the ease with which examples come to mind as a proxy for frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception might arise from the representativeness heuristic?

    <p>Overlooking the statistical probability associated with a category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gambler's fallacy imply about people's understanding of probability?

    <p>Previous results affect the likelihood of future events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study conducted by Schwarz et al. (1991), what was the effect of the number of examples given on assertiveness judgment?

    <p>Fewer examples resulted in a higher judgment of assertiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical reasoning behind the conjunction fallacy?

    <p>It overestimates the likelihood of the conjunction of two events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals typically misjudge the causes of fatalities between shark attacks and lightning strikes?

    <p>They believe shark attacks are more likely due to sensational media coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substitution often occurs when direct access to frequency information is lacking?

    <p>Attribute substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

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