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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'A' weighting network on a sound level meter?

  • To measure sound pressure levels above 55 dB
  • To measure sound at all frequencies equally
  • To simulate the response of the human ear (correct)
  • To emphasize low-frequency sounds

According to the rule of thumb for combining decibel levels, what should be added to the higher dB level when the two sources differ by 3 dB?

  • 2 dB (correct)
  • 1 dB
  • 3 dB
  • No additional value

What is the typical frequency range of a sound level meter?

  • 40 - 40,000 Hz
  • 10 - 10,000 Hz
  • 30 - 30,000 Hz
  • 20 - 20,000 Hz (correct)

What formula is used to calculate the percentage error of measurement?

<p>% error = (EV - TV)/TV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is cumulative error calculated?

<p>Cumulative error = SQRT(E1^2 + E2^2 + ... + En^2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Least Square Method?

<p>To find the estimated regression equation that minimizes error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mist primarily composed of?

<p>Liquid particles that are individually visible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes conditional probability?

<p>The probability of an event A given that event B has already occurred (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes vapor?

<p>It is a gaseous state of a substance below its critical temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of nonparametric statistics?

<p>It does not assume normality of the distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes smoke?

<p>It consists of small gas-borne particles from incomplete combustion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you use ANOVA?

<p>When comparing the means of three or more groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the F-statistic assess in the context of ANOVA?

<p>The variances between groups and within groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fog is defined as:

<p>Visible aerosols with a dispersed liquid phase formed by condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does smog consist of?

<p>A mixture of smoke and fog resulting from combustion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of inferential statistics?

<p>It makes predictions about populations based on sample data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which distribution is commonly associated with Chi-Square tests?

<p>Chi-Square distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical particle size range for mist?

<p>40 - 400 microns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dust is best described as:

<p>Solid particles larger than colloidal capable of temporary suspension in air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of entry route for contaminants is of greatest concern in most work environments?

<p>Inhalation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding gas?

<p>It refers to substances above their critical temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vapors from gases?

<p>Vapors are below their critical temperature, while gases are above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described by the term 'descriptive statistics'?

<p>Statistics that summarize population data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error type is described when the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected?

<p>Type I error (alpha) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'confidence interval' refer to?

<p>A statistical range accounting for random error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of kinesiology?

<p>Study of human movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system includes bronchioles?

<p>Respiratory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error results from accepting the null hypothesis when it is false?

<p>Type II error (beta) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anthropometry study?

<p>Measurements and proportions of the human body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histogram used to represent?

<p>Frequency distribution of a set of data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pictograms primarily used for?

<p>Representing objects or concepts pictorially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a chelating agent do?

<p>Forms multiple bonds with a metal ion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a mole of nitrogen gas?

<p>It weighs 28 grams and has 6.024 x 10^23 molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values indicates a strong base on the pH scale?

<p>13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described by the Ideal Gas Law?

<p>PV = nRT, involving atmospheric pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a buffer in a solution?

<p>To reduce changes in pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the periodic law categorize elements?

<p>By their atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Combined Gas Law?

<p>It considers the relationship of pressure, volume, and temperature of gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT diatomic?

<p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH of 0 indicate?

<p>It is highly acidic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'R' in the Ideal Gas Law equation PV=nRT represent?

<p>Gas constant with a value of approximately 8.31 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Least Squares Method

A method used to find the best-fit line in a regression analysis. The line minimizes the sum of squared differences between itself and the data points.

Conditional Probability

The probability of an event happening given that another event has already occurred.

Nonparametric Statistics

Statistical tests that don't rely on population parameters. They use ordinal or nominal data.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

An inferential statistical test used to compare the means of three or more groups.

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Inferential Statistics

A type of statistical analysis that deals with making predictions about a population based on a sample.

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F-statistic

A statistic used in ANOVA and other tests related to variance.

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Chi-Square Test

A test that uses chi-square distribution to determine if there's a significant relationship between two categorical variables.

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Descriptive Statistics

Statistics used to summarize overall data about a population.

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Accident Statistics

Type of statistics that helps measure how well safety programs are working, identify issues, and meet OSHA record-keeping needs.

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Safety Sampling

A technique using statistics to measure the effectiveness of a plan.

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Type I Error (Alpha)

A false positive result. Occurs when you reject the null hypothesis even though it's true.

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Type II Error (Beta)

A false negative result. Occurs when you accept the null hypothesis even though it's false.

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Anthropometry

The scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

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Kinesiology

The study of human movement.

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Physiology

The study of how our bodies function.

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Histogram

A graph used to show the frequency of different data points or incidents.

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Mist

A dispersed phase of liquid particles, often visible to the naked eye, formed through condensation of vapor.

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Vapor

The gaseous form of a substance that is normally solid or liquid at standard temperature and pressure (NTP).

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Gas

A substance in its gaseous state above its critical temperature.

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Smoke

Small particles suspended in air, mainly from incomplete combustion, consisting mostly of carbon.

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Fog

Visible airborne liquid particles formed by condensation, causing reduced visibility.

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Smog

A combination of smoke and fog, indicating extensive atmospheric contamination by aerosols.

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Dust

Small solid particles suspended in air, usually larger than colloidal particles and able to settle out over time.

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Inhalation

The inhalation route of contaminant entry is the most common concern in most workplaces.

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A-weighting

A weighting scale used in sound level meters to simulate the human ear's response to different frequencies. It emphasizes frequencies in the range of human speech and reduces emphasis on low frequencies.

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Combined Decibel Rule

This rule of thumb helps estimate the combined decibel level of two noise sources that differ slightly in their dB values. You simply add '2' to the higher decibel reading.

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Noise Dosimeter

An instrument used to measure sound pressure levels over time. It's worn by workers, providing a record of their noise exposure during a work shift.

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Error of Measurement

A measure that quantifies the deviation of an experimental value from the true or accepted value. It is expressed as a percentage and indicates the accuracy of the measurement.

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Cumulative Error

A method for combining multiple error terms to estimate the overall, total error. It is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squared individual errors.

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Chelating Agent

A chemical compound that can bind to a metal ion through multiple chemical bonds.

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Buffer

A substance that resists changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

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Periodic Law

States that when elements are arranged in increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties repeat in a periodic pattern.

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pH Scale

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14, with 0 being the strongest acid and 14 the strongest base.

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Ideal Gas Law

A relationship that describes the behavior of an ideal gas using the equation PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

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Combined Gas Law

A relationship that combines Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law to describe the behavior of a gas under changing conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature.

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Nitrogen Gas

A diatomic molecule composed of two nitrogen atoms, N2.

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Hydrogen-ion Concentration

The number of hydrogen atoms in a solution determines its acidity or alkalinity, with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions indicating acidity and a lower concentration indicating alkalinity.

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Strong Base

A strong base has a high pH value and readily dissociates in solution to release a large number of hydroxide ions (OH-), creating a strong alkaline solution.

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