General Quiz Framework

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between philosophy and science?

Philosophy uses assumptions to reach conclusions, while science observes and tests natural phenomena.
Sciences like astronomy, physics, and biology started with philosophical ideas, but later used observations to evolve into independent sciences.
Psychology, like astronomy, physics, and biology, started as a philosophical idea and later developed its own methods of study. (correct)
Philosophy focuses on absolute truth, while science focuses on relative truth.

The core idea of behaviorism is that studying behavior scientifically is impossible, and psychology should focus on internal mental states instead.

False (B)

Which of the following schools of thought in early psychology focused on selective attention and consciousness?

Voluntarism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Early behaviorism emphasizes innate traits (nature) over learning (nurture) in shaping behavior.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning is based on involuntary reflexes, while operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors and their consequences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of self-actualization according to Maslow?

A strong desire to conform to cultural pressures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Rogers' Person-Centered Theory posits that a large gap between self-concept and ideal self causes congruence, which leads to psychological distress.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Rollo May, a key aspect of the existential approach to therapy is to help clients find meaning, recognize choices, and live authentically.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid critique of behaviorism?

Behaviorism provides a clear scientific explanation for a wide range of behaviors, making it a valuable theory for understanding human behavior. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Social learning theory emphasizes that learning occurs solely through direct reinforcement, where the individual observes a behavior being rewarded.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the most important elements of self-regulated behavior?

Setting goals, observing one's actions, judging performance, and reacting to the evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following areas does Bandura's Social Learning Theory have a broad scope?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core idea of the humanistic psychology paradigm?

Research guided by objectivity and scientific methods. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, once a need is met, it ceases to be motivating.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Carl Rogers, which of these processes leads individuals toward personal growth and fulfillment?

Organismic Valuing Process (OVP) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Rollo May believed that the meaning of life was predetermined by a higher power, and that individuals have no real choice in shaping their destiny.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Humanistic Psychology

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the subjective experience, human potential, and personal growth.

Inherent Goodness

The fundamental belief that people are inherently good and capable of positive growth.