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Questions and Answers
What happens to the electric field passing through a closed surface in the absence of charges?
What happens to the electric field passing through a closed surface in the absence of charges?
- It becomes zero as there are no sources producing the electric field. (correct)
- It becomes stronger due to no charges affecting it.
- It becomes unpredictable.
- It becomes negative.
Why does work need to be done by the electric field when a positive charge moves towards higher electric potential?
Why does work need to be done by the electric field when a positive charge moves towards higher electric potential?
- The charge does not respond to the electric field.
- The electric field becomes weaker.
- The electric potential stays constant.
- The electric field exerts a force on the positive charge causing it to move in the direction of the electric field lines. (correct)
How does the electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field change as the distance between charges increases?
How does the electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field change as the distance between charges increases?
- It remains constant.
- It becomes negative.
- It increases.
- It decreases. (correct)
What happens to the capacitance when the distance (d) between the plates of a capacitor is doubled?
What happens to the capacitance when the distance (d) between the plates of a capacitor is doubled?
When capacitors are connected in parallel, how is the total charge distributed among them?
When capacitors are connected in parallel, how is the total charge distributed among them?
What effect does inserting a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor have on its capacitance?
What effect does inserting a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor have on its capacitance?
What causes one object to become positively charged and the other negatively charged when two objects are rubbed against each other?
What causes one object to become positively charged and the other negatively charged when two objects are rubbed against each other?
In electrostatic charging by induction, why does the side of a neutral metal sphere nearest to a positively charged rod become negatively charged?
In electrostatic charging by induction, why does the side of a neutral metal sphere nearest to a positively charged rod become negatively charged?
How does decreasing the distance between two-point charges affect the magnitude of the electric force between them according to Coulomb's law?
How does decreasing the distance between two-point charges affect the magnitude of the electric force between them according to Coulomb's law?
What happens to the magnitude of the electric force when the distance between two charges is doubled from 2 meters to 4 meters?
What happens to the magnitude of the electric force when the distance between two charges is doubled from 2 meters to 4 meters?
How is the electric force between two charges affected by increasing the distance between them?
How is the electric force between two charges affected by increasing the distance between them?
What happens to the denominator when decreasing the distance (r) between two-point charges in Coulomb's law?
What happens to the denominator when decreasing the distance (r) between two-point charges in Coulomb's law?
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Study Notes
Electric Field and Potential
- In the absence of charges, the electric field passing through a closed surface is zero.
- Electric field exerts a force on a positive charge, causing it to move in the direction of the electric field lines.
- Work is done by the electric field when a positive charge is moved towards higher electric potential.
- Electric potential decreases as one moves further away from a positive charge.
Electric Potential Energy
- Electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field decreases as the distance between charges increases.
- The distance between charges determines the electric potential energy of a charge in an electric field.
Capacitors
- Capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the plates.
- If the distance between the plates doubles, the capacitance will decrease by half.
- When capacitors are connected in parallel, the total charge is shared equally among all capacitors.
- The factors that determine the potential energy stored inside a capacitor are its geometry (including capacitance) and the potential difference (voltage) across it.
- Inserting a dielectric material between the plates increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
- A capacitor retains the charge it had accumulated when a battery is disconnected.
Charging
- Charging by rubbing involves the transfer of charges between two objects through friction.
- In electrostatic charging by induction, a positively charged rod can induce a negative charge on a neutral metal sphere.
Coulomb's Law
- The electric force between two-point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- When two-point charges are brought closer together, the magnitude of the electric force between them increases.
- When the distance between the charges is doubled, the electric force decreases by a quarter.
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