Questions and Answers
What was one of the main objectives regarding pre-history in this lesson?
Which of the following periods is essential to analyze in pre-history?
What tools were primarily used during the different periods of pre-history?
How did pre-historical scientific developments impact the environment?
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Which of the following actions best illustrates the societal impact of pre-historical technology?
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What is one of the cognitive learning outcomes of the course?
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Which topic is included in the course content related to technology and humanity?
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What is a focus area of Chapter 3 in the course content?
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Which of the following intellectual revolutions is NOT mentioned in the course content?
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Which aspect of human flourishing is examined in relation to science and technology?
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Study Notes
Pre-History Overview
- Significant scientific and technological advancements occurred during pre-history, shaping society and the environment.
- Three key periods in pre-history include the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Ages, each marked by distinct innovations and tool development.
Tools and Inventions
- Sumerians developed various tools such as copper vessels, chisels, and jugs, showcasing their craftsmanship.
- The invention of the wheel revolutionized transport; Sumerians used wood to create wheel systems connected to carts, leading to the development of chariots.
- Cuneiform script, created by Sumerians around 3400 BCE, is recognized as the world's oldest writing system, evolving from pictorial forms to phonograms.
- Lightweight sailboats made from wood and papyrus facilitated trade and fishing, essential for the Mesopotamian economy.
Legal Codes and Governance
- The Code of Ur-Nammu is noted as the ancient world's oldest surviving law code, providing insights into Sumerian justice.
- Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, created one of the earliest comprehensive legal codes, focusing on physical punishment and encompassing around 300 laws.
Ancient Maya Civilization
- The Maya civilization thrived in Mesoamerica, famous for cities like Tikal and Palenque.
- A recent archaeological discovery revealed a pyramid at Toniná, standing at 246 feet, surpassing previous known heights.
- Ancient Mayans used iron tools and developed advanced agricultural practices, including the construction of canals and irrigation ditches.
Intellectual Revolutions
- Thomas Kuhn coined the term "paradigm shift" to describe fundamental changes in scientific thinking, particularly noted during the scientific revolution starting in the 16th century.
- This era marked significant advancements in various scientific fields, including Math, Biology, Physics, Astronomy, and Chemistry.
- The geocentric model, which positioned Earth at the universe's center, dominated until the scientific advancements of the Renaissance began to shift perspectives.
Impact of Science and Technology
- The course emphasizes the interconnection between science, technology, and society, highlighting climate change and environmental awareness.
- Students are encouraged to reflect on the ethical implications of technological advancements and their effects on human flourishing.
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