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Questions and Answers

What does the movement mentioned in the content primarily refer to?

  • An economic change
  • A specific historical event
  • A cultural transformation (correct)
  • A political revolution

Which regions were influenced by the movement described?

  • North America and South America
  • Europe and its neighboring regions (correct)
  • Only Western European countries
  • Africa and Asia

What is a likely effect of the movement spreading across Europe?

  • Reduction in trade routes
  • Increased cultural exchange (correct)
  • Isolation of European countries
  • Decreased political alliances

How can the spread of this movement be best characterized?

<p>A gradual process with individual adaptation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of European society was likely changed by this movement?

<p>Social hierarchies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might hinder the movement's spread to certain areas of Europe?

<p>Geographical barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the extent of the movement's influence best described?

<p>Widespread across nations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event in Europe inspired the Indian nationalist leaders?

<p>The French Revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be implied about the cultural reaction to this movement?

<p>Diverse responses based on local context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did British colonial policies affect Indian peasants?

<p>They were subjected to high taxes and evictions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization marked the formal beginning of the organized national movement in India?

<p>The Indian Nationalist Congress (INC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the chief effects of British economic policies on Indian handicrafts?

<p>Destruction of the handicraft industry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did modern western education play in the rise of Indian nationalism?

<p>It educated Indians about their rights and encouraged political activism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social class emerged in India due to the growth of modern industries under British rule?

<p>The working class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the impact of British taxation on landlords in India?

<p>They were frequently dispossessed for failing to provide proof of ownership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor did NOT contribute to the rise of nationalism in India?

<p>The complete absence of political associations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant development in Europe during the Period of Transition?

<p>The decline of feudalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event significantly increased trade between eastern and western countries?

<p>The Crusades (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What became the new measure of wealth in Europe following changes in trade?

<p>Money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sparked the European interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture during this period?

<p>The contact with Eastern civilizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following led to the Reformation in Europe?

<p>Strengthened monarchs challenging Church power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in India during the Period of Transition?

<p>Emergence of regional kingdoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat?

<p>Increased British influence in India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sources provide first-hand evidence about events during the Period of Transition?

<p>Primary sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the movement discussed?

<p>The spread of the movement to other European countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements reflects a misconception about the movement?

<p>The movement did not influence political landscapes. (A), The movement had no impact on cultural practices. (B), The movement was limited to one country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the movement impact Europe as a whole?

<p>It encouraged collaboration and spread of ideas between countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of the spread of the movement?

<p>The spread was rapid and widespread across Europe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about the movement's influence?

<p>It transformed cultural and social dynamics in multiple nations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the spread of this movement important?

<p>It shows how ideas can transcend national borders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the movement have on inter-country relationships in Europe?

<p>It strengthened diplomatic ties and interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the movement was least impactful on Europe?

<p>Political changes within individual countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the founder of The British Indian Association?

<p>Surendranath Banerjee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the early aims of the Indian National Congress?

<p>Develop feelings of national unity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaders was NOT present at the first session of the Indian National Congress?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the Indian National Congress hold its first session?

<p>1885 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a significant role in the formation of the Indian National Congress alongside A.O. Hume?

<p>Lord Dufferin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the movement have on the geography of Europe?

<p>It led to its expansion into other countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group dominated the Indian National Congress from 1885 to 1905?

<p>Early Nationalists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be inferred about the movement's impact on Europe?

<p>It created a cultural exchange between different regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern of Lord Dufferin regarding the growing political consciousness among Indians?

<p>It could lead to violent uprisings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a likely consequence of the movement spreading to other European countries?

<p>Resistance and backlash in some regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leader is often associated with the Indian National Conference formed in 1883?

<p>Surendranath Banerjee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the spread of movements to other countries significant in European history?

<p>It reflects the interconnectedness of political movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way could the movement's spread affect social structures in Europe?

<p>By fostering dialogue and collaboration among different social classes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge might countries face due to the movement spreading across Europe?

<p>Heightened tensions between nations with conflicting ideologies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a long-term outcome of the movement's influence across multiple European nations?

<p>Diversification of cultural practices and norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the movement's spread potentially influence the political landscape of Europe?

<p>It led to increased political fragmentation in various regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Period of Transition

The period between the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Modern Age, marked by significant changes across Europe and various parts of the World.

Feudalism

A system of social, economic, and political organization based on landownership and the relationships between lords and vassals, declined during the Period of Transition.

Crusades

A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control, which led to an increase in trade, wealth, and cultural exchange between East and West.

Renaissance

The rediscovery and revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, and philosophy during the Period of Transition.

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British Conquest of India

The conquest of India by the British East India Company, which eventually led to the establishment of British rule over the country.

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Decline of the Mughal Empire

The weakening and eventual decline of the Mughal Empire, paving the way for the rise of regional kingdoms in India.

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Maratha Empire

A major Indian empire that challenged Mughal rule, but were defeated in the Third Battle of Panipat.

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Primary Sources

Direct or first-hand evidence about an event, such as official records, personal letters, or diaries.

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Cultural Diffusion

The spread of ideas, practices, and influences from one region to another.

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Migration

The process by which people move from one place to another, often in search of better opportunities or to escape conflict.

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Trade

The exchange of goods, services, and ideas between different cultures.

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Religious Diffusion

The spread of religious beliefs and practices.

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Political Diffusion

The spread of political systems, ideas, and practices, often through conquest or diplomacy.

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Technological Diffusion

The exchange of knowledge, skills, and technology between different cultures.

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Globalization

The movement of people, ideas, goods, and practices across borders.

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Cultural Assimilation

The process by which cultural traits are adopted by one group from another.

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British Economic Policies

The British government's policies deliberately harmed Indian industries and trade, prioritizing their own interests. This crippled local craftspeople and artisans and made India a source of raw materials for British production.

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Nationalism's Influence on India

In the 19th century, European nationalist movements, especially the French Revolution, inspired Indian leaders to fight for self-governance and independence from British rule.

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Impact of British Taxes

The British levied heavy taxes on Indian peasants, causing financial hardship and driving them into the clutches of moneylenders. This, along with the dispossession of landowners, fueled discontent.

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Birth of the Indian National Congress (INC)

The establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked the start of a coordinated and organized nationalist movement in India, uniting diverse voices against British rule.

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Social and Religious Reform Movements

Social and religious reform movements within India, seeking progress and change, also fueled the spirit of nationalism. They challenged prevailing social norms and aimed to improve the lives of Indians.

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Exploitation of the Working Class

The growth of factories in India led to a new working class, who experienced exploitation and unfair treatment at the hands of their British employers. This fueled resentment and discontent.

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East India Company's Policies

The British East India Company's policies, prioritizing profit over the well-being of Indians, created immense economic hardship and contributed significantly to India's growing desire for independence.

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When and by whom was the Indian National Congress founded?

The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, with the support of Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy of India. It aimed to provide a platform for nationalist leaders and address concerns of the Indian people through constitutional means.

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Why was the Indian National Congress formed?

The INC was formed due to rising political awareness among Indians. Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, sought to offer a safe platform for these aspirations, preventing potential unrest against British rule.

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Where and when did the first session of the Indian National Congress occur?

The first session of the Indian National Congress took place in Mumbai at the Gokaldas Tejpal Sanskrit College from December 28 to 31, 1885. W.C. Bonnerjee was the first president.

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What was one of the main aims of the Indian National Congress?

The Indian National Congress aimed to promote unity among nationalist leaders across India, regardless of caste, religion, or province.

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Who were some of the prominent early leaders of the Indian National Congress?

Early Congress leaders like Sir Phirozshah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee, and Dadabhai Naoroji came from the educated middle class, representing professions like lawyers, teachers, and officials.

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Who were the 'Early Nationalists'?

The Indian National Congress' early years (1885-1905) were dominated by a group of leaders known as the Early Nationalists, primarily from the educated middle class

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What were some of the strategies of the Indian National Congress?

The INC aimed to present popular demands to the government. This included training and mobilizing public opinion within India.

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What was the key motivation behind the formation of the Indian National Congress?

The Indian National Congress represented a growing desire among educated Indians to create an organization that would work towards the independence of their nation

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